Mu Rwanda, indwara z'ubuhumekero ziterwa n'umwuka wanduye ziza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu zihitana abantu benshi. Umwuka abantu bahumeka mu Rwanda wanduye ku gipimo cyikubye inshuro eshanu ikigenwa n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima.
Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije, REMA, gisobanura ko umwuka wo mu Rwanda ugaragaramo utuvungunyukira twa PM2.5.
Ikinyaburatabire cya PM2.5 kiva mu binyabiziga, kigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu. Utu tunyabutabire tutagaragarira ijisho, iyo umuntu aduhumetse tugera mu bihaha no mu miyoboro y'amaraso, bigatera indwara z'ubuhumekero n'iz'umutima.
Nta kabuza ibyo nibyo bikomeje gutuma indwara zibasira imyanya y'ubuhumekero kugera no kuri Cancer zikomeje kuzamuka, aho ubu mu Rwanda habarwa abantu ibihumbi 16 bakurikiranwa buri munsi, barwaye Asthma.
Mu mpamvu zituma uwo mwuka wanduye ukomeza kuzamuka cyane, biterwa ahanini n'ibinyabiziga bititaweho, bisohora imyuka ihumanya. Ubusanzwe, ibinyabiziga bisohora umwuka uhumanya urenze garama imwe ku kilometero, biri mu bikomeje gutera ikibazo.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu Rwanda, moto zihariye 47% mu binyabiziga bisohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ari nabyo byatumye hatangira gushyirwaho ingamba zo gushishikariza abantu gukoresha moto zidakoresha lisansi ahubwo zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Ibindi bituma umwuka uhumana bitari ibinyabiziga, ni imashini zikoreshwa mu gutunganya amashanyarazi n'ibindi nko gutwika nyiramugengeri cyangwa amakara. Ibyo byiyongeraho n'inganda kandi nazo zikomeje kuzamuka cyane mu Rwanda.
Urubuga rwa REMA rugaragaza uburyo umwuka wo mu Rwanda uba umeze, inshuro nyinshi, cyane ku masaha yo ku manywa mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ruba rwerekana ko hari umwuka utari mwiza ushobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu bafite intege nke nk'abana bato cyangwa abagore batwite.
Hagiye gutangira gupimwa imyuka ihumanya ku binyabiziga
Mu gihe imibare igaragaza ko ibinyabiziga (moto n'imodoka) ari byo biza ku isonga mu guhumanya umwuka, biteganyijwe ko mu minsi iri imbere, hazatangira gupimwa byihariye imyuka isohorwa na byo.
Bizajya bikorwa mu buryo busanzwe kuri Contrôle technique, aho Polisi izakomeza kugenzura imodoka ariko habeho n'ahandi REMA izajya igenzurira umwuka uhumanya w'ikinyabiziga.
Gusaba gusuzumisha ikinyabiziga bizajya bikorerwa ku Irembo nk'uko bisanzwe ariko mu buryo bubiri, kuko umuntu uvuye gusuzumisha ikinyabiziga azajya ahabwa ibyemezo bibiri.
Moto izajya yishyura 16.638 Frw. Mu gihe itabashije kubona icyemezo kubera imyuka myinshi ihumanya, umuntu azaba yemerewe kujya gukosoza ibyo bibazo agasubira gupimisha mu byumweru bibiri uhereye igihe isuzuma ryabereye. Icyo gihe azajya yishyura 8.319 Frw.
Imodoka zakorewe gutwara abantu zitarengeje uburemere bwa toni eshatu n'igice kandi zifite imyanya itarenga umunani yo kwicarwamo, hatabariwemo uw'umuyobozi, zo zizajya zishyura 34.940 Frw. Mu gihe ikinyabiziga kitabonye uruhushya, gisubirayo nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri nyiracyo akishyura 17.470 Frw.
Imodoka itwara abantu bava ku icyenda kuzamura ariko itarengeje 18 hatabariwemo umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga, itwara imizigo irengeje toni imwe n'igice ariko itarenze toni eshatu n'igice hamwe n'itwara imizigo iri hejuru ya toni eshatu n'igice ariko itarengeje toni eshanu yishyura 51.578 Frw. Iyo isubiye gukosoza inenga za mbere yishyura 25.789 Frw.
Ibi ni kimwe no ku modoka itwara abantu barenga 18 kuzamura ariko itarengeje 30 hatabariwemo umuyobozi w'ikinyabiziga, itwara imizigo iri hejuru ya toni eshanu ariko itarengeje toni zirindwi, itwara abantu barenga 30 n'itwara imizigo irengeje toni zirindwi.
Ibindi binyabiziga bikoresha moteri bikora mu mirimo itandukanye bizajya byishyura 49.914 Frw, byajya gukosoza bikishyura 24.957 Frw.
Aya mafaranga ni ayo gusuzumisha imyuka, gusuzumisha ubuziranenge bw'ikinyabiziga bizakomeza kwishyurwa nk'uko bisanzwe.
Iyi gahunda izatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu ntangiriro za Nzeri mu gihe Iteka rya Minisitiri ribigena rizaba rimaze kwemezwa.
