Ayo ni amagambo ya Gen (Rtd) James Kabarebe asobanura imirwanire yashoboje ingabo za RPA gutsinda urubanza rwo kubohora igihugu. Ubu imyaka 31 irashize iyo ntsinzi igezweho.
Urugamba urwo ari rwo rwose rusaba amayeri yihariye, byagera ku rwa gisirikare bikaba akarusho cyane ko ruba rurimo gupfa no gukira.
Mu 1990, ubwo Ingabo za RPA zatangiraga urugamba, zari zimaze imyaka myinshi zisuganya. Benshi mu batangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu bari barabaye mu gisirikare cya Uganda mu myanya itandukanye.
Gen Maj Fred Rwigyema ni we wayoboye Ingabo za RPA ku munsi wa mbere w'urugamba ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990.
Yari afite ubunararibonye mu ngabo cyane ko yayoboye urwo kubohora Uganda yungirije General Elly Tuhirirwe Tumwine warashwe mu jisho ku munsi wa kabiri warwo akajya kuvurizwa mu Bwongereza, inshingano zigasigarana Rwigyema.
Ubwo kubohora u Rwanda byatangiraga, ntibyagenze nk'uko buri wese yari abyiteze. Fred Rwigyema yarashwe n'umwanzi ku wa 2 Ukwakira nyuma y'umunsi umwe urugamba rutangiye.
Abandi basirikare bakuru na bo barishwe, barimo Maj Chris Bunyenyezi wari ushinzwe ibikorwa na Maj Peter Bayingana.
Bayingana yagombaga kunyura mu nzira iva Kagitumba yerekeza i Gabiro, mu nzira agenda ni bwo umwanzi yari yamuteze igico, aramurasa. Mu gihenzi we, Bunyenyezi we yarasiwe ku muhanda uturuka mu bice bya Kahi, Nyakigando na Ngarama. Yari ari kuva i Nyagatare.
Mu minsi ya mbere y'urugamba, Ingabo za RPA zakoreshaga imirwanire izwi nka Conventional Warfare. Ni amwe mu mayeri ya gisirikare yifashishwa aho ingabo z'impande ebyiri zihanganye ziba zirwana mu buryo busa n'aho zirebana.
Ni imirwanire imaze ibinyejana byinshi. Niba warakurikiye amateka, urabizi ko kera barwanishaka intwaro gakondo, nk'amacumu n'ibindi. Kugira ngo umuntu yivugane umwanzi, babaga barebana, ufite inkota akayicumita mugenzi we, n'undi na we akamusubiza gutyo gutyo kugeza ubwo ukubise undi mu cyico yamunesha bikarangira.
Nyuma haje ubundi buhanga, aho inkota zitari zigikoreshwa. Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 20, wasangaga abantu barwana bakoresheje ubumara, ku buryo umwe yabufataga akabucanira mu kintu, akabumisha aho umwanzi we aherereye hagashya.
Muri icyo gihe ni na bwo imbunda za gakondo zatangiye gukoreshwa mu gusenya cyane inyubako ziri ahantu kure. Bene izo mbunda ni zo tubona uyu munsi mu birori biba mu bihugu bimwe by'i Burayi, aho zitwarwa ku kintu gisa n'ingorofani.
Uko iterambere ryakomezaga kuzamuka, hanakoreshwaga imbunda zoroshye kuba umuntu yatwara, gusa urugamba rukaba abarasana basa n'abarebana. Bamwe ku gasozi runaka, abandi ku kandi.
Mu ntambara ya mbere y'Isi n'iya kabiri, hatangiye kwifashishwa ibifaru, indege n'izindi ntwaro ariko na bwo abarwana bagasa n'ababa barebana, buri ruhande rushaka gukura urundi mu birindiro rurimo.
Iyi conventional warfare wagereranya n'uburyo bwa gakondo, ku basirikare barwanira ku butaka, baba bashaka gufata ibirindiro by'umwanzi no kumwigiza inyuma.
Bwifashisha kandi ibifaru n'izindi modoka z'intambara, kugira ngo zibashe gucengera mu birindiro by'umwanzi no kurinda ba basirikare bari kugenda n'amaguru. Ni na byo bitwara intwaro ziremereye.
Iyo hakoreshejwe indege muri ubu buryo, ziba zigamije kurasa ibirindiro by'umwanzi zihereye mu kirere.
Rimwe na rimwe, usanga ingabo zirwana ziturutse inyuma no mu mpande z'umwanzi kugira ngo zimugwe gitumo zimuneshe. Muri iyi mirwanire, buri ruhande ruba rwashyizeho nk'umurongo w'ubwirinzi, rwacukuye indaki yo kwihishamo, imigende n'ibindi.
Iyi mirwanire ifite inenge zayo. Akenshi usanga iyo abasirikare barashwe, baraswa ku bwinshi kuko baba bari ahantu hamwe kandi ari benshi, bivuze ko abapfa biyongera. Ikindi ni uburyo bw'imirwanire buhenda, kuko busaba ikiguzi kiri hejuru mu bikoresho n'ibindi.
Usanga kandi ari uburyo bw'imirwanire byoroshye gutahura kuko uba uzi aho umwanzi aherereye ukamukurikirana mpaka.
Ubu buryo bw'imirwanire ni bwo bwakoreshejwe mu minsi ya mbere y'urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, ariko ibintu byahindutse ubwo Gen Maj Paul Kagame yavaga muri Amerika aho yari yaragiye kwiga, akajya kuyobora ingabo.
Yasanze ingabo zacitse intege, yihutira kuzisaba kuva mu birindiro, zikongera kwisuganyiriza ahantu hamwe. Yakoresheje inama abasirikare bakuru bari bahari icyo gihe, abanza kubabaza uko urugamba rwagenze mu minsi ya mbere.
Gen (Rtd) Fred Ibingira yavuze ko na we yabonaga ko urugamba rutagishobotse, afite gahunda yo gusubira muri Uganda.
Abenshi bari bacitse intege, bamwe basaba ko kurwana byaba bihagaritswe, bagasubira inyuma muri Uganda. Gusa ntabwo byari gukunda kuko bari baravuye muri Uganda batorotse, nta muntu n'umwe ubazi.
Ati 'Umugabo yaraje adusanga Kagitumba buri muntu wese ashakisha inzira ari bucemo yongera guhunga [...] Nkanjye nari mvuye ahantu hitwa Gulu mu Majyaruguru, ndi muri diviziyo ya kane, muri Batayo ya 21. Narabaraga nkavuga ngo burajya gucya ngeze aho Batayo yanjye iri, urugamba ruratunaniye.'
Kagame bitaga Afande PC yazamuye icyizere mu basirikare, abaza abiteguye gukomeza urugamba, abasobanurira ko ibintu bigomba guhinduka kandi ko bagomba gutsinda, ko gusubira inyuma bidashoboka, ko intego ari imwe, ari ukubohora igihugu no guhagarika ubwicanyi bwari bwaratangiye gukorerwa Abatutsi.
Icyo gihe ku ruhande rw'Ingabo za FAR, ibyishimo byari byose, babyina ko 'Inyenzi Nkotanyi bazivuniye umuheto', ko nta n'umwe usigaye.
Yahise ahindura uburyo bw'imirwanire, ava kuri Conventional warfare, azana uburyo bwitwa 'mobile na guerrilla warfare'.
Igitero cya mbere cyagabwe hifashishijwe iyi mirwanire mishya, cyari icyo gufata Gatuna, mu ntangiriro za Ugushyingo. Icyo gihe cyakozwe na batayo yari iyobowe na Col (Rtd) Twahirwa Ludovic uzwi nka Dodo.
Abazi amateka y'urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda bavuga ko ari igitero cyari giteguranywe ubuhanga, cyanazamuye morali mu ngabo. Ingabo zakirwanye, ni bwo zari zikinjira ku rugamba, ntabwo zari zarabonye ibyabaye mu minsi ya mbere yarwo.
Umunsi byemezwa ko Gatuna yafashwe, ni na wo munsi ku mugaragaro byatangajwe ko Fred Rwigyema atakiri muzima. Amarira yasaze imitima ya benshi ariko bongera gushyira agatima impembero nyuma yo kubona ko hari intambwe yindi yatewe.
Aya mayeri abiri y'imirwanire mu bya gisirikare, mobile na guerilla warfare, ni yo yatumye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rushoboka. Ingabo zahise ziva no mu Mutara zimukira mu Birunga ari na ho zateraga ziturutse, zikanahakorera imyitozo.
Guerilla warfare ni yo yakoreshejwe mu gufata Umujyi wa Ruhengeri, umujyi wari uwa kabiri ukomeye inyuma ya Kigali wanakomokagamo benshi mu bayobozi bakomeye mu gihugu.
Icyo gihe hahise hafungurwa bamwe mu banyapolitiki bari bafungiwe muri Gereza ya Ruhengeri.
Ubu buryo bw'imirwanire bukoreshwa hifashishijwe abasirikare bake, bagatera ahantu runaka hateguwe, bagahita basubira inyuma mu gihe umwanzi yakwiriye imishwaro.
Muri Guerilla n'abasirikare batatu bashobora kuyogoza agace runaka, ku buryo wakeka ko watewe n'abantu amagana.
Ubu buryo kandi bukoreshwa mu gutega igico umwanzi, ibizwi nka Ambush, agategerwa ahantu runaka, akisanga atazi ikimubayeho. Bushobora no gukoreshwa kandi mu gusenya ibikorwaremezo umwanzi akoresha, urugero ni nko gusenya nk'ibiraro n'ibindi.
Gusa ubu buryo mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ntibwigeze bukoreshwa kuko RPA yari izi neza ko biramutse bisenywe, yazagorwa nanone no kubyubaka mu gihe igihugu cyazaba kibohowe.
Intego nyamukuru ni ugutuma umwanzi acanganyukirwa, akayoberwa ibimubayeho, hamwe na hamwe agata ibirindiro, akabura amajyo n'amaza.
Bamwe mu bahoze ari abasirikare ba FAR bakunze gutanga ubuhamya, bavuga ko ibyo byababayeho mu rugamba rwa RPA kuko bayobewe aho barwana berekeza.
Mobile warfare yo irwanwa mu buryo bujya kumera nka Guerilla, ariko biratandukanye. Yo iba igamije kureba intege nke z'umwanzi, akaba ari ho umutera wuririrye.
Muri ubu buryo ingabo zikata imiyoboro yose ishobora kuba yatanga ubufasha ku mwanzi, hanyuma akagoterwa hagati ku buryo atsindwa uruhenu.
Amateka agaragaza ko mu ntangiriro z'intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi yose, Abadage bakoresheje ubu buryo bw'imirwanire mu gitero cyiswe Blitzkrieg hagati ya 1939 na 1941 bahanganye na Pologne, u Bufaransa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyete.
Bwatumye bagota ingabo z'ibyo bihugu, babasha kwigarurira ibice binini mu gihe gito cyane.
Mu ntambara ya Koreya yabaye hagati ya 1950 na 1953, Abashinwa na bo bakoresheje ubu buryo bw'imirwanire. Icyo gihe ingabo zitwaga Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA), zagabye ibitero byo mu masaha y'ijoro mu buryo butunguranye, banesha ingabo nyinshi. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwihuta ni.bwo bwatumye bishoboka.
Mu ntambara yiswe iy'iminsi itandatu mu 1967, Ingabo za Israel zagabye igitero cyifashishijwe aya mayeri yitwa Mobile warfare, maze zibasha gutsinda abaturanyi babo b'Abarabu.
Intego ya mbere ya Mobile Warfare ni ugutsinda umwanzi mu gihe gito. Ibyo bishingira ku makuru y'ubutasi uba umufiteho, imikorere y'igisirikare cyawe isenyera umugozi umwe, aho amategeko ava hasi akagera ku bo hejuru yumvikana, nta rujijo.
