‘Ubuhuza’ (mediation), ni igikorwa cyo guhuza abantu bafitanye ikibazo bagahuzwa n’undi muntu bahisemo udafite aho ahuriye n’ikibazo, kugira ngo abafashe kuganira no kumvikana ku mwanzuro warangiza ikibazo bafitanye.
Ubu buryo bwatangijwe mu nkiko zo mu Rwanda mu 2012 ariko butangira kumenyekana cyane guhera mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo mu miburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’izubutegetsi hashyizwemo ingingo iha ububasha umucamanza kuba yahuza cyangwa kunga abafitanye ikibizo.
Urubanza aho rwaba rugeze hose, ababuranyi bashobora ubwabo gusaba urukiko kubakorera ubuhuza cyangwa se umucamanza wahawe kuburanisha urubanza ashobora gushishikariza ababuranyi iyo nzira abereka inyungu ziri mu gukoresha iyo nzira.
Ubwo buhuza bushobora gukorwa n’umwanditsi, umucamanza cyangwa abandi bahuza bigenga babihuguriwe bemewe n’amategeko. Igitandukanya urubanza n’ubuhuza, ntawe utsindwa kuko umwanzuro wose ufatwa, ufatwa ku bwumvikane bw’ababuranyi.
Nibyo byabaye kuri Nshogoza n’abandi bashoramari 112 bari baraguze ibyumba mu isoko, ubwo haburaga gato ngo isoko ry’Inkundamahoro bubatse biyushye akuya, ritezwe cyamunara.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cy’iri soko cyubatswe guhera mu 2013 ubwo aba bashoramari babonaga ko hakenewe inzu zigezweho zo gucururizamo Nyabugogo, nyuma y’iza mbere bari bubatse zikaba iyanga.
Nshogoza yabwiye IGIHE ko bitabaje ibigo by’imari bitandukanye ariko hakabura ikibahereza miliyari zisaga esheshatu bifuzaga ngo isoko ryuzure. Bashyikirije uwo mushinga BRD, ibyumva vuba amafaranga irayabaha.
Kubera ko amafaranga yo kwishyura yagombaga kuva mu miryango yagurishijwe isoko, Nshogoza yavuze ko byageze aho abakiliya bakabura, bananirwa kwishyura banki ifata umwanzuro wo guteza cyamunara iyo nyubako.
Ati “Twagezemo hagati tunanirwa kwishyura birongera biratumbagira, n’abakiliya batangira kubura tujya mu birarane. BRD iti ‘cyamunara’, abashoramari baraduhindukirana bati ‘mwaratubeshye, mwaradushutse none twaguze ahantu bagiye kutugurishiriza umutungo’.”
Abashoramari babahindukiranye, ni abari baratanze amafaranga yabo mbere inzu icyubakwa bagasezeranywa ko niyuzura bazahabwamo imiryango yo gucururizamo. Inzu zimaze kuzura, bahawe imiryango yabo ariko nta byangombwa byihariye bari bayifitiye. Bivuze ko BRD iyo iramuka ije guteza cyamunara, yari guteza inzu yose ititaye ko hari imiryango yamaze kugurishwa.
Ubwo itangazo rya cyamunara ryashyirwaga hanze, abashoramari bagera kuri 55 bahise batanga ikirego, basaba ko amasezerano y’ubugwate ku mutungo wabo yabaye hagati ya BRD n’Inkundamahoro ateshwa agaciro kuko yabayeho batabizi.
Umucamanza mu rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi yemeje ibyo abo bashoramari bari baregeye, atesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate ngo kuko yakozwe abashoramari batabizi. Bivuze ko BRD yari ihombye miliyari zose yatanze cyangwa se ikaba yahabwa indi ngwate.
Habayeho kujurira, ikirego kijya mu rukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi. Umucamanza wahawe kuburanisha ikirego asanga byaba byiza habayeho guhuza impande zose zifitanye ikibazo kuko byatanga umusaruro kurusha gukomeza urubanza, bityo asaba ko n’abandi bashoramari batareze ariko bafite icyo kibazo baza bose bakabiganirira hamwe. Ababuranyi bose bakaba barasabye ko umucamanza wavuzwe haruguru ariwe ubabera umuhuza.
Icyo gihe BRD niko yakomezaga kubara ideni Inkundamahoro ibafitiye, rigeze kuri miliyari zisaga umunani.
Nyuma y’ibiganiro byinshi impande zose zemeranyijwe ko mu gihe ibyangombwa by’umutungo bitaraboneka, umushoramari wese waguze akishyura amafaranga yose y’umuryango ahabwa icyangombwa cyizwi nka ‘Comfort letter’, kuburyo Inkundamahoro niramuka inaniwe kwishyura burundu abashoramari bahawe iyo comfort letter imiryango yabo itatezwa cyamunara.
Nshogoza yavuze ko ubu bafite ibyumba hafi 187 birimo amaseta 2059, bategereje ko bibonerwa abakiliya bagakomeza kwishyura umwenda.
Ati “Umwuka mwiza ukomeje uko byari bimeze, twazishyura n’umutima mwiza. Kuri ubu umubano wacu na BRD umeze neza. Hari imishyikirano twagiranye batwemerera ko tugiye gufatanya kugurisha.”
Kubera ingaruka za Covid-19, ntabwo abakiliya bahise babonekera igihe dore ko kuva mu ntangiriro z’umwaka ushize kugeza ubu, ngo bamaze gushyikiriza BRD miliyoni zigera kuri 400 Frw, gusa ngo bizeye ko ibintu bizagenda neza.
Nshogoza ati “Iyo bidakemuka kuriya tuba twaranasaze cyangwa twaraniyahuye, twari twarumaganye. Bamwe tugeze mu zabukuru ariko twari twashaje kabiri. Iyo urebye icyerecyezo cy’ejo nubwo Covid-19 irimo, ubona ko tuzagurisha.”
Yavuze ko ubu icyo bifuza ari ikigo cy’imari cyakwemera kuguriza abaturage bifuza kugura ibibanza n’imiryango, bakishyurira rimwe ubundi bo bakagenda bishyura gahoro gahoro.
KBS yari igiye guseswa…..
Ingero z’aho ubuhuza bwabashije gufasha abarebanaga ay’ingwe mu nkiko ni nyinshi. Mu minsi ishize, hari ikindi kirego cyakemuwe muri ubwo buryo cyari gihuriwemo sosiyete itwara abantu mu modoka, KBS Ltd n’Urwego Ngenzuramikorere (RURA).
Byatangiye ubwo KBS yari ibereyemo sosiyete zitandukanye imyenda ingana na miliyari umunani z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Nka Ecobank yari ifitiwe miliyari 3.6 Frw, PTA Bank yari iberewemo miliyari 1.2 Frw, Yutong Hing Kong yari iberewemo miliyari 3.4 Frw.
Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Iterambere (RDB), rumaze kubijyaho inama na RURA yari yakoze igenzura, basabye ko KBS ishyirwa mu gihombo kuko ifite imyenda myinshi itazabasha kwishyura.
Icyo gihe hanafashwe umwanzuro wo guhindura ubuyobozo bwa KBS, hajyaho umucungamari washyizweho na RURA sosiyete idakomeza kugwa mu bihombo. Ba nyiri KBS barabyamaganye, bavuga ko sosiyete nta gihombo irimo, yewe ko n’abo bari babereyemo imyenda nta kibazo bigeze bagaragaza.
Za sosiyete zari ziberewemo imyenda na KBS nazo zahise zitanga ikirego kuko gushyira mu gihombo KBS, byashoboraga gutuma bahomba ntibishyurwe.
Umucamanza wwaburanishije ubwo bujurire yabwiye IGIHE ko akimara guhabwa iyo dosiye mu bujurire, yabonye kubikemura mu bwumvikane aribyo byiza kurusha gukomeza imanza.
Ati “Ni ibintu nabonaga bishobora gushyira ishoramari ry’u Rwanda mu bibazo kuko abari baberewemo imyenda bari abanyamahanga. Kuba barashoye imari ikigo bashoyemo kigashyirwa mu bihombo, byari kugabanya icyizere abashoramari b’abanyamahanga bagirira u Rwanda.”
Nyuma y’ibiganiro byinshi abari bafitanye ikibazo bumvikanye ko hashyirwaho ubuyobozi bushya bwemejwe n’impande zombi. Muri Kanama 2018 nibwo amasezerano y’ubwumvikane yasinywe, KBS Ltd ikomeza imirimo yayo, RURA ikomeza iyayo nk’umugenzuzi n’abari baberewemo amadeni bakomeza kwishyurwa.
Me Idahemuka Tharcisse wunganiraga KBS, yavuze ko kuba ikibazo cyarakemuwe mu buhuza, byatanze umusaruro ufatika.
Ati “Ubuhuza bwa mbere ni uko nyiri sosiyete yayisubiranye, icya kabiri ni ukuba barakomeje gukorana. Nta ruhande rwatashye rubabaye kuko murumvakina kugeza ubwo mugeze ku masezerano.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Niba umuntu ugenzura ashobora kumvikana n’umuntu agenzura nkuko byagenze kuri iyo dosiye yacu, ni ikimenyetso cy’uko n’abandi bantu bashobora kumvikana.”
Nubwo ubu buryo bw’ubuhuza butarasakara muri benshi, inzego z’ubutabera zigaragaza ko aribwo butanga umusaruro w’igihe kirambye kubera ko bukuraho ikibazo ababuranyi bahanganye baba bafite.
Umwaka ushize wa 2020-2021, imanza 922 nizo zarangirijwe mu buhuza, zivuye ku manza 850 zari zarangijwe mu buryo nkubwo mu mwaka wabanje.
Abamaze kubona ibyiza by’ubuhuza, bemeza ko mu manza mbonezamubano cyangwa iz’ubucuruzi, ubuhuza ari yo nzira nziza.
Me Rwigema Vincent yunganiye sosiyete Oxyprop Rwanda mu rubanza yaburanagamo na sosiyete Shelter Afrique yo muri Kenya.
Mu mwaka wa 2013, Shelter yari yaragurije Oxyprop miliyoni 4.5 z’amadolari mu mushinga wo kubaka inzu zigurishwa ku Kicukiro. Bagombaga kubaka amagorofa umunani ageretse kane.
Byageze hagati habamo kutumvikana, Shelter Afrique isigaje gutanga miliyari 3.35 Frw ngo inyubako zirangire. Inzu bari barubatse ntizari zakarangiye ngo nibura zigurishwe.
Izo nzu akaba ari nazo Shelter yatanzeho ingwate, bivuze ko Oxyprop itashoboraga kuzigurisha ngo yishyure. Ikindi ni uko nta yindi banki yashoboraga gutanga indi nguzanyo kuri uwo mushinga hakurikijwe icyiciro umwenda wari ugezemo ndetse na sosiyete yarashyizwe mu badashobora guhabwa inguzanyo ukurikije urwego yarimo mu kigo gishinzwe kugenzura inguzanyo, CRB.
Bagannye inkiko, ku rwego rwa mbere urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwemeza ko amasezerano aseswa, naho Oxyprop itegekwa kwishyura Shelter miliyoni 4.3 z’amadolari n’inyungu zingana na miliyoni 171 Frw.
Impande zombi ntizanyunzwe n’umwanzuro, zirajurira ari nabwo bumvishwaga ko ikibazo gishobora gukemurwa mu buhuza.
Mu byemeranyijweho nyuma yo kubereka igihombo kiri mu gukomeza imanza, bemeye gukomeza umushinga, Shelter ivanamo bimwe mu byo yasabaga, umwenda iberewemo usigara ari miliyari zisaga gato 4 Frw.
Shelter kandi yemeye kurekura andi mafaranga yaburaga ngo umushinga ukomeze.
Me Rwigema yavuze ko habayeho kwitanga kuri buri ruhande kugira ngo ubwumvikane bugerweho.
Ati “Umucamanza wari ufite dosiye ni umuntu wabonaga ko ashishikajwe n’ubwumvikane, arabidusaba tubyakira neza. Twagize ibiganiro byamaze hafi umwaka biza kurangira twumvikanye.”
Yavuze ko ubu inzu za mbere zamaze kuzura ndetse batangiye no kuzishakira abaguzi, kandi impande zombi kuri ubu ziri kubona inyungu yo kuba barumvikanye.
Bisaba ubwitange…
Ubuhuza ku manza zaregewe Inkiko bushobora gukorwa n’abanditsi b’Inkiko cyane cyane mu gihe cy’Inama ntegurarubanza. Bikorwa kandi n’abacamanza mu gihe urubanza rugeze mu iburanisha ndetse n’ abahuza bigenga bari ku rutonde rwemejwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga.
Umuvugizi w’inkiko, Mutabazi Harrison avuga ko ubuhuza ari inzira nziza abafitanye amakimbirane bakwiriye kugana kugira ngo bubafashe gukemura amakimbirane bafite.
Yagize ati “ Ubuhuza bukozwe mu manza zaregewe Inkiko bufite inyungu nyinshi cyane cyane ku baburanyi, kubera ko bubafasha kubona igisubizo mu buryo bwihuse kandi burambye , butuma ababuranyi bashyamiranye bongera kunga ubumwe , bwanakwifashishwa mu kugabanya ibirarane mu Nkiko n’ibindi”
Umwe mu bacamanza bagize uruhare mu guhuza ababuranyi, yavuze ko ubuhuza mu gihe abantu bageze mu rukiko atari ibintu byoroshye kuko bisaba umwanya ariko ko bishoboka.
Ati “Bisaba umwanya kandi bisaba ko umucamanza aba uri umuntu ukunda kunga abantu. Bisaba kandi kwihangana, ubwitange n’ubushishozi bukomeye kuko hari nk’abazaga bagashaka kurwana.”
Yavuze ko bisaba ko umuhuza aba atekereza kure kurusha abo yunga kuko agomba kubafasha kugera ku bwumvikane na cyane ko akenshi bo baba bishakira inzira yoroshye ariyo yo kugana urukiko.
Ati “Buriya iyo ibintu birangiriye mu buhuza ntabwo uba ukemuye ikibazo gusa, ni no kubanisha abantu mu mahoro. Burya iyo umwe atsinzwe ntabwo ikibazo kiba gikemutse.”
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