Iyi laboratwari itanga serivisi z’ibipimo bya gihanga bikoreshwa mu nkiko hagamijwe kumenya ukuri kwizewe, ikomoka kuri Kigali Forensic Laboratory yatangiye mu 2005 ariko idafite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gufata ibimenyetso byose ku buryo hari ibyoherezwaga mu mahanga.
Mu 2011, yongerewe ubushobozi na Polisi y’u Rwanda itangira gutanga serivisi zirimo gupima ADN hagamijwe guhuza ibimenyetso n’ahabereye icyaha cyangwa umuntu n’abo bafitanye amasano ya hafi hifashishijwe uturemangingo.
Itanga na serivisi zo gupima ibyashobora guhumanya umuntu bikaba byanamuviramo urupfu nk’igihe yarozwe. Hari kandi serivisi zo kugaragaza ingano ya alcool iri mu maraso nk’igihe umuntu akekwaho kuba yasinze birengeje urugero kandi atwaye ikinyabiziga.
Iyi laboratwari yaje ari igusubizo kuko u Rwanda rwari rusanzwe rwohereza ibizamini bigera kuri 800 buri mwaka mu Budage. Nibura ikizamini cya ADN cyatwaraga hagati y’ibihumbi 300 Frw n’ibihumbi 600 Frw bikamarayo nibura amezi atatu kugira ngo bigaruke mu Rwanda.
Kuba yaraje ari igisubizo ku bantu bakenerega ibimenyetso bya gihanga mu butabera cyane icya AND, bigaragazwa n’imibare itangwa na Rwanda Forensic Laboratory, yerekana ko mu 2018 yafashe ADN zivuye mu nkiko zingana na 260, mu 2019 ifata 841 naho mu 2020 yakira 979.
Umuvugizi wa Rwanda Forensic Laboratory, Samvura Pierre, yabwiye IGIHE ko iyi laboratwari yashyizweho ikenewe kuko ibimenyetso bya gihanga bibasha kugaragaza ukuri ntashidakanwaho.
Yagize ati “Iyi laboratwari yorohereza ubutabera cyane, kuko ni yo ibasha gutanga ibimenyetso ntashidikanywaho. Nk’abantu bafitanye isano ADN niyo igaragaza ko umwana ari uwa se cyangwa nyina, ndetse ikaba yabasha kugaragaza ahabereye icyaha neza.”
Abihuje na Akayezu Christine, wari waraburanye n’umuryango we muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nyuma akaza kuwobona hakozwe ADN.
Ati “ Ndashimira cyane Rwanda Forencis laboratory kuko yaje ari igisubizo. Mbere umuntu yakenerega ADN bigafata imyaka myinshi byarajyanywe mu mahanga ariko mbikoresha byabonetse nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri.”
“Ni ikintu cyo kwishimira kuba mu Rwanda hari uburyo bwizewe umuntu abasha kubona abo bafitanye isano. Mbere abantu barambeshyaga ngo dufite ibyo dupfana ariko nyuma yo kuyikoresha nabonye abo dufitanye isano y’ukuri.”
ADN isabwa ryari mu rukiko?
Mu rukiko hakoreshwa ibimenyetso bitandukanye birimo inyandiko, ubuhamya, ibimenyetso bicukumbuye, ibimenyetso bya gihanga n’ibindi bishobora kugaragaza ukuri ku byabaye nk’uko bigarara mu itegeko ryo mu 2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso .
Iyo mu rukiko hari uruhande rumwe rugaragaza ko hari isano rufitanye n’urundi ariko rwo rutabyemera, ababuranyi batabasha kugaragaza neza ukuri, bisaba kwifashisha bya bimenyetso by’abahanga, nibwo urukiko rufata umwanzuro wo gusaba ko hakorwa ADN mu kubasha kumenya ukuri.
Ishobora gusabwa kandi mu gihe hari ahantu habereye icyaha bashaka guhuza ibimenyetso byabo n’uwakoze icyaha.
Urukiko iyo rufashe umwanzuro wo gukoresha ibimenyetso bya gihanga hakurikiraho kubifata byumvikanyweho n’ababuranyi, bigakorwa mu buryo bwizewe, hagategerezwa ko abahanga bagaragaza ukuri kuri bya bimenyetso.
Ibisubizo byavuye muri bya bimenyetso bya gihanga nibyo bishingirwaho n’umucamanza mu bushishozi bwe n’ububasha ahabwa n’itegeko bumwemerera gufata umwanzuro ku rubanza.
Bamwe mu banyamategeko baganiriye na IGIHE, bagaragaje ko kuba mu nkiko z’u Rwanda hakoreshwa ibimenyetso bya gihanga ari ibyo kwishimirwa kuko bifasha umucamanza guca urubanza mu bushishozi bunyuze mu mucyo.
Umunyamategeko Tuyizere Polycalpe, yavuze ko u Rwanda rwagize amahirwe yo kuba rufite laboratwari ibasha kugaragaza isano kuko nta kindi gishobora kwemeza isano riri hagati y’umuntu n’undi.
Ati “Kuba u Rwanda rufite laboratwari ifata ibipimo nk’ibi ni amahirwe akomeye kuko n’umubyeyi ubwe biragoye kwemeza ko umwana ari uwe, kuba hari ikibyemeza byorohereza ubutabera.”
Ibi abyumva kimwe n’undi utifuje ko amazina ye agaragazwa wavuze ko nubwo umucamanza aba afite umwanzuro mu biganza bye, ariko ataba akwiye kujya kure y’ibisubizo bya ADN kuko ariko kuri kudashidikanywaho.
Ati “Iyo ADN yafashwe, umwanzuro uba uri mu maboko y’umucamanza, ariko ntaba akwiye gutandukira kuri bya bisubizo kuko abahanga baba batanze umwanzuro wizewe.”
“Sinumva ukuntu umucamanza na we ubwe udashobora guhagarara ngo yemeze ko umwana ari uwe nta ADN ikozwe, yabasha kumenya niba ababurana bafitanye isano.”
Yakomeje avuga ko iyo habayeho kwirengagiza ukuri kw’ibyavuye muri ADN ahenshi umucamanza aba afite inyungu ze bwite akurikiranye zihabanye n’ubutabera.
Yagize ati “Ubwo umucamanza ujya kure y’ukuri nyako kuri ADN yarategetswe n’urukiko aba afite ikindi akurikiye muri urwo rubanza, usibye ko mu Rwanda ntekereza ko bitabaho ariko aho biba nko hanze usanga hakurikiwe inyungu bwite zihabanye cyane n’ubutabera.”
Ibi ni byo ashingiraho avuga ko ibindi bimenyetso birimo nk’ubuhamya n’inyandiko byose bikwiye gushingira kuri ADN kuko yo nta buriganya bujya buyibamo nko ku bindi.
Ati “Buriya abantu bagira inyungu nyinshi mu kwemeza amasano abantu bafitanye, ariko ADN yo nta buriganya ikoranwa ni cyo gituma mbona uwayirengagije yakozwe aba afite ibindi akurikiye bitari ubutabera.”
ADN igaragaza isano riri hagati y’abantu ku kigero cya 99.99%, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko ari ikimenyetso simusiga ku isano riri hagati y’abantu mu gihe bikenewe nko mu rukiko.
