Mu rwego rwo kwibutsa amateka y'ibyaha bigize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi reka tugaruke ku ngero zimwe na zimwe :
Ubwicanyi bwa Kibilira mu Ukwakira 1990 bwatangijwe na Superefe wa Ngororero, Bernard Niyitegeka, hamwe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kibilira, Jean-Baptiste Nteziryayo. Superefe Niyitegeka yatumije inama ihuza Abayobozi ndetse n'Abajyanama ba za Komini Kibilira, Satinsyi na Ramba bigize agace ka Superefegitura ya Ngororero, iyi nama yanitabiriwe n'Abayobozi b'Abanyapolitiki ba MRND bakomoka muri kariya gace, harimo Léon Mugesera, wari Umujyanama ushinzwe ibibazo bya Politiki n'Ubutegetsi muri MRND harimo kandi Visi Perezida wa MRND muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi.
Muri iyo nama, Superefe Bernard Niyitegeka yerekanye imirambo ibiri, avuga ko ari Abahutu bishwe n'Abatutsi. Yabasabye gusubira mu rugo bagatangira gukangurira abaturage kubungabunga umutekano no gutangiza gahunda yo guhiga umwanzi. Nyuma y'iyi nama, AbaBurugumesitiri n'Abakonseye bashyize mu bikorwa amabwiriza Superefe yabahaye ari na yo yatumye Abatutsi benshi bapfa. Mu turere twinshi twahoze ari Komini ya Kibilira, ibitero byagabwe n'Abakonseye n'Abaresiponsabule ba za Serire.
Muri Segiteri Ntobwe, ubwo bwicanyi bwakozwe na Konseye Jean-Baptiste Ntwari. Hari n' abandi bantu bakomeye bashinjwa kuba barabigizemo uruhare. Usibye Burugumesiti, Jean-Baptiste Nteziryayo, hari na Léon Mugesera ukomoka muri ako gace, Pierre Tegera wayoboye umushinga w'ubuhinzi wa PNAP (Porogaramu ishinzwe guteza imbere ibirayi) na Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Kibilira, Innocent Teganya.
Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abaturage b'Abahutu kugira uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi, abayobozi bakwirakwije ibihuha bidafite ishingiro, cyane cyane bemeza ko Colonel Serubuga yishwe n'Abatutsi kandi ko Colonel Charles Uwihoreye ukomoka muri Ngororero akaba yari ayoboye ishuri ry'Abajandarume rya EGENA riri Ruhengeri, na we yishwe n'Abatutsi. Ibi bihuha byari bigamije kwerekana Abahutu ububi bw'Abatutsi mu rwego rwo kumvisha Abahutu ko bakwiye kwirwanaho bica Abatutsi.
Nyakwigendera François Nsengiyumva, wishwe muri Jenoside mu 1994, yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri ubwo bwicanyi maze atanga amazina menshi y'Abatutsi bahohotewe mu gihe yasobanuraga uko ubwo bwicanyi bwagenze. Yatanze urugero rw'umugore mwiza witwaga Mathilde Mukabideli, wari umucuruzi rwagati muri Rubona, wiyubashye akanga ibyifuzo by'abashaka kumusambanya. Mu Kwakira 1990, bamwishe mu bugome bukabije bamutoboresha inkota mu gitsina ariko banamusebya bamubwira amagambo y'ubugome anateye isoni.
Nsengiyumva atanga urundi rugero rw'umwana, Wellars Mukiza, wo muri Segiteri ya Kirengo. Ababyeyi be babonye igitero kije, barahunga. Umwana yihishe mu ruzitiro ariko, kubera umwana ari umwere, yahishe umutwe gusa asiga amaguru agaragara hanze. Abicanyi baraje bamusanze bamukubita umuhoro ku kuguru no ku ijosi. Bamusize bizera ko yapfuye. Nyina amenye ko yasize umwana we, agaruka kumutwara asanga asamba. Na we ubwe yari yakomeretse bikabije. Yagerageje kumuterura aragenda yijugunya mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Aha twavuga ko Abatutsi benshi bajugunywe ari bazima muri uru ruzi.
Undi mwana wo mu muryango wa Tharcisse Munyankumburwa, yatwitswe ari mu nzu hamwe n'ababyeyi be ariko igice cy'inzu yari aherereyemo nticyigeze gifatwa n'umuriro. Abicanyi bamusize ataka hashira iminsi itatu. Yaje gupfa nyuma azize inzara, inyota n'intimba. Icyaha cye gusa ni kuba Umututsi!
Nta mwicanyi numwe wagize uruhare muri ubu bwicanyi washyikirijwe Inkiko.
Ku wa 6 Nyakanga 1991, Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini, Faustin Munyazesa, yoherereje Perezida Habyarimana ibaruwa ivuga ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abagogwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Yavuze ko Abagogwe 286 biciwe muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri ugereranije na 86 muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Yatanze amazina y'abishwe, muri za Serire, Segiteri na Komini bari batuyemo. Iyi mibare yerekana ko abantu bishwe bagabanijwe ku buryo bukurikira:
Perefegitura ya Gisenyi
- Komini Giciye : hishwe 22 na 13 bakomerekeye mu ishuri rya Kibisabo ;
- Komini Gaseke: hishwe 15;
- Komini Karago: Bishwe 16, umwe akomerekera muri Rambura;
- Komini Mutura: hishwe 24;
- Komini Kanama: hishwe 9.
Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri
- Komini Butaro : hishwe 24, Abapfakazi 14 n'imfubyi 44 ;
- Komini Kigombe : hishwe 17, Abapfakazi14 n'imfubyi 46 ;
- Komini Nkumba : hishwe 15, Abapfakazi 10 imfubyi 40 ;
- Komini Kidaho : hihwe 20, abapfakazi27 n'imfubyi 97 ;
- Komini Kinigi : hishwe 20, abapfakazi 18 Imfubyi 59.
Indi nyandiko yo ku wa 15 Ukwakira 1991 yanditswe n'Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe politiki muri MININTER, Eterne Kubwimana, yiswe 'Inyandiko igenewe Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini' itanga umubare munini w'abaguye muri ubwo bwicanyi. Kubwimana yerekana ko hagati y'Ukwakira 1990 na Kamena 1991, imibare y'Abatutsi bishwe n'abatotezwa muri Perefegitura ya Byumba, Ruhengeri, Gisenyi na Kibungo ari iyi zikurikira:
- Abantu bishwe 1,508
- Abamugaye nyuma yihohoterwa: 302
- Abapfakazi: 633
- Impfumbyi : 2 274
Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini, Faustin Munyazesa, amaze kubona iyi nyandiko, yoherereje Perezida wa Repubulika ibaruwa yo ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 1991, ivuga kuri ubwo bwicanyi anabwishimira. Indi baruwa yo ku ya 17 Nyakanga 1991 itanga amakuru ku mubare w'abantu bishwe, abakomeretse, abamugaye, ibyiciro byabo ndetse n'imitungo yangiritse hagati y'itariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990 na 29 Nyakanga 1991 muri buri Komini ya Perefegitura ya Byumba, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Kibungo:
Perefegitura ya Byumba:
- Hishwe : 894, harimo Abagabo 636 n'abagore 258 ;
- Abagize ubumuga buturutse ku bwicanyi : 188, harimo abagabo 57, abagore 21 n'abana 21
- Abapfakazi : 372, hari abagabo 91 n'abagore 28 ;
- Imfubyi ku babyeyi bombi : 219 ;
- Imfubyi kuri se : 1 253 ;
- Imfubyi zari zifite munsi y'imyaka itanu : 518 ;
- Imfubyi zari zifite hejuru y'imyaka itanu : 954 ;
- Abari abanyeshuri : 359.
Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri:
- Abishwe: 117, harimo abagabo 103 n'abagore 14;
- Abamugajwe n'ubwicanyi : 101, harimo abagabo 62, abagore 22 n'abana 17 ;
- Abapfakazi : 86, harimo abagabo10 n'abagore 76 ;
- Imfubyi ku babyeyi bombi : 9 ;
- Imfubyi ku mubyeyi umwe : 292 ;
- Abanyeshuri : 70.
Perefegitura ya Gisenyi:
- Abishwe : 470 ;
- Abamugaye bitewe b'ubugizi bwa nabi : 9, harimo abagabo 8 n'umugore 1 ;
- Abapfakazi : 153, barimo Abagabo 35 n'abagore 118 ;
- Impfumbyi ku babyeyi bombi : 47 ;
- Imfubyi ku mubyeyi umwe : 354.
Perefegitura ya Kibungo:
- Abishwe : 27, harimo abagabo 24 n'abagore 3 ;
- Abamugajwe n'ubugizi bwa nabi : 4 ;
- Abapfakazi : 22, harimo Abagabo 3 n'bagore 19 ;
- Imfubyi ku babyeyi bombi : 2 ;
- Imfubyi ku mubyeyi umwe : 98 ;
- Imfubyi zifite munsi y'imyaka itanu : 39 ;
- Imfubyi zifite hejuru y'imyaka itanu : 61 ;
- Abanyeshuri : 25.
Iyi nyandiko ivuga kandi ko abantu 169, cyane cyane Abagogwe, baburiwe irengero, barimo 20 bo muri Komini Nkuli, 33 bo muri Mukingo na 116 bo muri Kinigi. Yongeraho ko bishoboka ko benshi muri aba bantu baba barapfuye.
Iyi mibare yatangajwe na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ubwayo igaragaza ko abaturage batabarika bishwe hagati ya 1990 na 1994 nta sano bafitanye n'intambara, ahubwo abishwe bazize ubwoko bwabo bw'Abatutsi.
Ubwicanyi bw'inzirakarengane mu 1991 bwakozwe mu rwego rwo kwihorera nyuma yo gutsindwa kw'Ingabo z'u Rwanda mu Ruhengeri bigatuma imfungwa zari muri Gereza ya Ruhengeri zirekurwa na FPR ku ya 23 Mutarama 1991. Icyo gihe, Umuyobozi w'Ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Perefegitura, Col Charles Uwihoreye, yahamagajwe i Kigali arafungwa. Asimburwa na Lt Col Jean-Marie Vianney Nzapfakumunsi, ukomoka i Kibuye. Ni we wayoboye ubwicanyi bw'Abatutsi mu Makomini ya Ruhengeri. Mugenzi we Kapiteni Boniface Hasengineza, ukomoka mu Ruhengeri, yohereje abasirikare be guhiga Abagogwe mbere y'uko bicirwa mu Kigo cya gisirikare cya Mukamira.
Ijoro ryo ku wa 4 kugeza ku wa 5 Werurwe 1992, ryaranzwe n'ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu Bugesera. Ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n'Interahamwe, abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda Perezida wa Repubulika n'abasirikare bo mu Kigo ya Gako.
Ubwicanyi bwabanjirijwe n'isomwa ry'itangazo rigenewe Abanyamakuru rihamagarira abaturage ubwicanyi, ryasomwe ku wa 3 Werurwe kuri Radio Rwanda n'Umunyamakuru Jean Baptiste Bamwanga abitegetswe na Ferdinand Nahimana, wari Umuyobozi Mukuru wa ORINFOR.
Bamwanga yasesenguye iyi nyandiko y'ibinyoma, asobanura ko yasohowe n'ubuyobozi bwa FPR kandi ko ivuga amazina y'abayobozi bakuru b'ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, FPR yateganyaga kwica, ku bufatanye n'ibyitso byayo by'imbere mu Gihugu. Bamwanga yavuze ko iyi nyandiko yabonetse i Nyamata mu rugo rw'umucuruzi w'Umututsi François Gahima, wari Perezida w'ishyaka rigamije kwishyira ukizana (PL).
Aya makuru y'ibinyoma mu by'ukuri yari inzira yo gukangurira Abahutu gukora ubwicanyi.
Imibare yatanzwe na Guverinoma kuri ubwo bwicanyi yerekanye ibikurikira:
Komini Kanzenze:
- Abishwe: 62
- Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe: 309
- Ibikoni byatwitswe: 573
- Amatungo yabuze: inka 165, ihene 268 n'ingurube 2.
Komini wa Ngenda:
- Abishwe: 36
- Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe: 74
- Ibikoni byatwitswe: 119
- Amatungo yabuze: inka 112, ihene 111 n'ingurube 16.
Komini Gashora:
- Abishwe: 84
- Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe: 216
- Ibikoni byatwitswe: 288
- Amatungo: inka 188, ihene 325 n'ingurube 28.
Raporo yerekanye ko muri rusange Abatutsi 16.239 bavuye mu ngo zabo bahungira mu nyubako nyinshi za Leta n'iz'amadini i Nyamata, Maranyundo, Ruhuha, Musenyi, Karama, Gitagata, Mayange, Rango, Ntarama, Murago, Kigusa na Kayenzi.
Amashyirahamwe atanu yigenga y'uburenganzira bwa muntu: ADL, Lichredor, ARDHO, Kanyarwanda na AVP yakoze amaperereza abiri kuri ubwo bwicanyi kandi avumbura ibyangiritse byinshi.
Raporo yabo ya mbere yasohotse ku wa 10 Werurwe 1992 kandi ivuga ko hapfuye Abatutsi barenga 300, bari bajugunywe mu nzuzi, abandi batwikwa ari bazima mu ngo zabo.
Raporo yongeye kwerekana ko Abatutsi bavuye mu byabo bageze ku bantu 15.000 kandi babayeho mu buzima bubi, cyane cyane impunzi z'Abatutsi zari muri Paruwasi no mu mashuri ya Nyamata, Maranyundo, Ruhuha na Rilima.
Raporo yamaganye abayobozi bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi by'umwihariko: Burugumesitiri wa Kanzenze, Fidèle Rwambuka; Superefe wa Kanazi, Faustin Sekagina, Subusititi wa Kanazi, Déogratias Ndimubanzi n'Umuyobozi w'Urwego rw'Ubutasi muri Superefegitura ya Kanazi, Dominique Muhawenimana.
Ku wa 30 Werurwe 1993, ariya mashyirahamwe yongeye gukora iperereza i Bugesera hagamijwe gusuzuma uko umutekano wifashe, nyuma y'umwaka umwe ubwicanyi bubaye.
Muri raporo yasohotse ku wa 5 Mata 1993, bavuze ko Abatutsi benshi bahunze batarasubira mu mitungo yabo kandi bakomeje kubangamirwa n'abayoboke b'ishyaka CDR. Raporo kandi yasobanuye ko abana b'abakobwa bato bafashwe ku ngufu n'abasirikare baturutse mu Kigo cya Gako. Abantu benshi bakomeje gutotezwa bitwaje ko ngo bakekwaho gushaka kwinjira mu mutwe wa FPR.
Bamwe mu bishwe bagiye bamenyekana, harimo Nyabyenda na Anastase bakoreraga, Umuyobozi Mukuru muri MINECOFIN witwa Mbarute. Umugabo witwa Butera yishwe n'abasirikare i Nyarurama ya Ngenda ku wa 6 Werurwe 1993.
Abantu benshi barakubiswe baramugara, nk'umusaza Mutabazi, wakubiswe ku wa 21 Gashyantare 1993, akubitswe n'Abajandarume n'Abapolisi ku biro bya Komini ya Kanzenze. Liyetona-Koloneli Claudien Singirankabo, Umuyobozi w'Ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gako, yavuze ko ibyo byaha ari ingaruka z'intambara bashowemo na FPR, ndetse ko na nyina yari yarishwe na FPR mu Ruhengeri.
Antonia Locatelli, wari ufite ubwenegihugu bw'u Butaliyani, yari umuyobozi w'Ikigo cya CERAI i Nyamata. Iyicwa rye ryabaye mu ijoro ryo ku wa 9 kugeza ku wa 10 Werurwe 1992 nyuma y'amasasu yarashwe nkana n'Umujandarume Epimaque Ulimubenshi. Uyu Mwarimukazi w'u Butaliyani yari yakiriye impunzi nyinshi z'Abatutsi zari zihunze abicanyi i Nyamata, kandi yari yaramenyesheje ibigo byinshi bya Leta n'iby'abigenga, harimo na Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali CERAI Nyamata yabarizwagamo.
Antonia Locatelli yari yatanze kandi amakuru ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Radio France Internationale (RFI). Yahise yicwa akimara gutanga ikiganiro mu makuru ya nimugoroba kuri RFI. Uwamwishe ntiyigeze akurikiranwa, ikimenyetso cy'uko ari igikorwa cyateguwe ndetse gishyigikirwa n'ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda.
Icyemezo cy'ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda cyo guhohotera Abatutsi mu Bugesera gisobanurwa n'uko aka karere kari gatuwe n'Abatutsi benshi kandi ubutegetsi bwahoraga bukwirakwiza ibihuha ko urubyiruko rw'Abatutsi ruva mu Bugesera rukinjira mu mutwe wa FPR runyuze mu Burundi. Inyandiko nyinshi z'abanyamakuru, harimo n'ibinyamakuru bya leta nk'Imvaho, zashinjaga Abatutsi ba Bugesera ko batanga inkunga muri FPR.
Mu ntangiriro za 1993, Abatutsi 137 biciwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri mu gihe cy'ukwezi. Iyi mibare yatanzwe n'Urwego rw'Ubutasi, ireba abaturage basanzwe badafite aho bahurira n'intambara ariko bakicwa bazira gusa ubwoko bwabo.
Inyandiko yanditswe ku wa 27 Mutarama 1993 n'Umuyobozi Mukuru wari uhagarariye urwego rw'ubutasi i Gisenyi, Damien Niyibizi, igaragaza ibyaganiriweho mu nama y'umutekano ya Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Iyi nama yahuje Ababurugumestiri, ba Perefe n'abakozi bose bashinzwe inzego z'umutekano za Perefegitura n'ingabo. Buri muyobozi yatanze ishusho y'umutekano muri Komine ayoboye.
Hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, abantu 137 barishwe, imibare y'abapfuye n'iyi ikurikira:
- Gaseke:32;
- Giciye: 9;
- Kanama : 7 ;
- Karago : 1 ;
- Kayove:4;
- Nyamyumba:4;
- Ramba: 21;
- Rubavu:3;
- Satinsyi:56.
Iyi nyandiko kandi yavuze ku kibazo cy'abantu bavuye mu byabo kubera umutekano mucye. Nyuma y'ubwo bwicanyi, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga washyizeho igitutu kuri Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda n'amashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi yashoboye gushyiraho komisiyo ishinzwe gushyira ahagaragara abakoze aya mahano.
Iyi komisiyo yari igizwe n'abantu batandatu bakurikira :
- Dr Augustin Iyamuremye, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Serivisi y'Ubutasi y'Imbere mu Biro bya Minisitiri w'Intebe (Perezida wa Komisiyo);
- Laurent Kanyarubira, Umujyanama muri Minisiteri y'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu;
- Major Hategekimana wo mu Ngabo z'u Rwanda (ariko ntabwo yigeze yitabira imirimo ya Komisiyo);
- Laurent Rebero, Umujyanama mu Bibazo by'Ubuyobozi n'Amategeko muri Minisiteri y'Ubutabera;
- Norbert Muhaturukundo, Umuyobozi muri Minisiteri y'Itangazamakuru;
- Athanase Munyemana, Umuyobozi mu Biro bya Minisitiri w'Intebe.
Iyi Komisiyo yaganiriye n'abantu b'ingeri zose, harimo n'abayoboke b'amadini. Mu myanzuro yayo, yagaragaje ko ubwo bwicanyi bwatewe n'imyigaragambyo ya MRND na CDR. Ingingo y'ingenzi yagaragajwe na Komisiyo ni uruhare rw'inzego nkuru z'ubuyobozi bwa gisivili na gisirikare. Muri raporo yayo, Komisiyo yerekanye ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe muri Komini nyinshi za Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, cyane cyane Mutura, Nyamyumba, Kibilira na Kayove.
Muri za Komini Ramba na Giciye, ubwicanyi bwayoborwaga n'abayobozi ba za Komini. Perefe wa Gisenyi, Joseph Habiyambere, yagaragajwe nk'Umuyobozi Mukuru w'igikorwa na ba Superefe Ildefonse Rukabukira na Bikumbi. Umuyobozi w'Ingabo wari ku Gisenyi, Colonel Juvénal Bahufite, na we yatuzwe agatoki muri ubu bwicanyi.
Ibyavuye mu iperereza ryakozwe na Komisiyo byasabye ko inzego zikurikira zafatirwa ibihano :
- Perefe Joseph Habiyambere;
- Umuyobozi wa Komini Giciye Charles Bwangamwabo;
- Burugumesitiri wa Komini Ramba Théogene Nzabanita;
- Léodomir Bugurijabo wo muri Komine Nyamutera.
Igitangaje ni uko Komisiyo ntacyo yavuze ku bandi bayobozi ba Komini nyamara baragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi.
N'ubwo Komisiyo zagiye zashyizweho na Guverinoma nyama zagaragaje ibyaha bimwe na bimwe, ntabwo zigeze zigaragaza ukuri kose kandi ntizigeze zisabira ibihano abakoze ayo mahano.
Urugero, Koloneli Juvénal Bahufite yakomeje kuba Umuyobozi w'Ingabo ku Gisenyi ntacyo yishisha, kimwe na Majoro André Bizimana, nubwo aba bayobozi b'Ingabo bombi byanze bikunze bakoranye bya hafi mu gushyira mu bikorwa ubu bwicanyi.
Muri Werurwe 1993, Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry'Uburenganzira bwa muntu (FIDH) ryakoze iperereza mu Rwanda maze rigaragaza ubugome buhanitse ubu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abagogwe, bwariho. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'inzobere 10 zo mu bihugu bitandukanye byo mu Burayi, Amerika na Afurika. arizo:
- Jean Carbonare (u Bufaransa) Perezida;
- Philippe Dahinden (u Busuwisi);
- René Degni-Ségui (Côte d'Ivoire);
- Alison Des Forges (Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika);
- Eric Gillet (u Bubiligi);
- William Schabas (Canada);
- Halidou Ouedraogo (Burkina Faso);
- André Paradis (Canada);
- Rein Odink (U Buholandi);
- Paul Dodinval (U Bubiligi).
Raporo yabo yasohotse muri Werurwe 1993, ivuga ko mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Kinigi, inzirakarengane zahiciwe zijugunywa mu mva rusange. Ubu bwicanyi bwari buyobowe na Burugumesitiri Thaddée Gasana.
Muri Komini ya Mukingo, ubwicanyi bwayobowe na Burugumesitiri Juvénal Kajelijeli na Minisitiri w'Imirimo ya Leta n'Ingufu, Joseph Nzirorera. Kajelijeli yakatiwe igifungo cy'imyaka 45 n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Nzirorera yapfuye mbere yuko urubanza rurangira aho yashinjwaga hamwe na Edouard Karemera na Matayo Ngirumpatse.
Muri Komini ya Nkuli, yari iyobowe na Burugumesitiri Mathias Mpiranya, Abatutsi benshi b'inzirakarengane barahiciwe. Bamwe bajugunywe mu buvumo bwa Nyaruhunga, abandi bapfira mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire rwa Ruhengeri. Muri Komini ya Gaseke na Giciye, Abagogwe bishwe n'abaturage bayobowe n'Abayobozi b'aya Makomine.
Raporo ivuga ko abagize uruhare runini muri ubwo bwicanyi ari:
- Jean-Marie Vianney Mugemana, wahoze ari Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini;
- Charles Nzabagerageza Perefe wa Ruhengeri;
- Jérémie Sukiranya, Umuyobozi wa Gereza ya Ruhengeri.
Aba bayobozi barashinjwa kujya muri ayo Makomine, bagasaba abaturage kugira uruhare mu muganda udasanzwe wo gukuraho ibihuru ahantu hose no kwica ibyitso bya FPR byari byihishe mu gihuru, ni ukuvuga Abatutsi.
Basabye ko bitangira iki gikorwa babibutsa umugani w'Ikinyarwanda uvuga ngo 'ushaka kwikiza igiti cyona akirandurana n'imizi yacyo'.
Nyuma y'aya mabwiriza yatanzwe n'abayobozi, ubwicanyi bwibasira Abatutsi bwakorewe muri Komini zitandukanye za Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, cyane cyane Giciye, Gaseke, Ramba, Karago, Mutura, Kanama na Rwerere.
Muri Komini ya Gaseke, ubwicanyi bwakajije umurego cyane ku wa 2 Gashyantare 1991. Abicanyi bakoresheje intwaro gakondo nk'amacumu, imihoro, amasuka, inkoni n'amabuye. Mu bantu bishwe bikabije, raporo itanga urugero rw'umugore witwa Mukamana wari warashakanye n'umwarimu wari ufungiye muri Gereza ya Gisenyi kuva mu Kwakira 1990 ashinjwaga ibinyoma ko ari Inkotanyi. Uyu mugore yiciwe imbere y'abana be babiri bari bafite imyaka ibiri n'itatu. Nyuma yo kwica nyina, abana bajugunywe mu musarani. Ibi bikorwa by'ubogome byakozwe n'abaturage bayobowe na Konseye wa Segiteri wa Mwendo.
Raporo yerekana ko muri Komini Gaseke, abantu barenga 60 bishwe mu minsi 10. Raporo ivuga kandi ko abicanyi bari bashyigikiwe n'Abayobozi Bakuru mu rwego rwo kubarinda gukurikiranwa n'amategeko. Yatanze urugero rwa Joseph Buhirike, murumuna wa Colonel Elie Sagatwa wari Umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida Habyarimana; Buhirike yishe nta mpungenge Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri ya Gihira muri Komini ya Giciye.
Muri Komini ya Karago, ari yo Komini Perezida Habyarimana akomokamo, Abatutsi 68 barahiciwe. Nk'ibimenyerewe, abicanyi bakomeje kwidegembya.
Muri Komini ya Mutura, ubwicanyi bwakozwe n'abasirikare bo mu Bigogwe. Burugumesitiri Faustin Ndabarinze n'umupolisi Rwamakuba bagerageje kurinda abahigwaga ariko ntibashobora guhangana n'abicanyi. Basezerewe ku mirimo yabo kubera ubwo bushake bwabo bwo gukiza Abatutsi.
Urundi rugero rw'uruhare rw'Abayobozi b'Inzego z'Ibanze mu bwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi hagati ya 1990 na 1994 ni Jean Baptiste Gatete wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Murambi.
Gatete yayoboye Komini Murambi imyaka cumi n'ibiri, kuva 1981 kugeza 1993. Yakoreye Abatutsi amarorerwa atavugwa, byarushijeho gukomera guhera mu 1990, igihe intambara yo kwibohora yatangiraga. Muri icyo gihe, Gatete yataye muri yombi Abatutsi benshi, abenshi muri bo bajyanwa i Byumba kugira ngo bicirwe mu Kigo cya Gisirikare. Mu 1991, Gatete yakajije umurego mu gushotora Abatutsi na bamwe mu Bahutu batari abayoboke ba MRND.
Reka dufate urugero:
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 7 Ugushyingo 1991, Marie Kampire baramukubise avunika igituza, mu gihe umukobwa we, Gorette Murekatete, yakubiswe inyundo ku maguru no ku maboko. Abakoze ayo mahano bari bayobowe n'Abayobozi b'Inzego z'Ibanze, bayobowe na Konseye Jean Bizimungu afatanyije na Resiponsabure wa Serire, Denis Nzabamwita. Bageze mu rugo rwabo, abicanyi bamennye urugi, binjira mu nzu bakubita Abatutsi bahatuye. Abayobozi b'Inzego z'Ibanze bagumye mu kigo banywa itabi bavuga ngo: 'Nibice Inkotanyi, harimo na nyirakuru wa Rwigema'
Icyo gitero cyakomerekeje cyane, umusaza Aloys Sekabirigita, ufite imyaka 70, watemeshejwe umuhoro.
Ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1991, abanyamakuru bamusanze mu bitaro bya Kiziguro aho yari ari kwivuriza. Baramuganiriza bashaka kumenya icyateye icyo gitero. Yabasubije ati: 'Basore, mundeke, ni ukubera ko ndi Umututsi. Ariko rero, abantemye ntibandusha kuba Umunyarwanda.'
Umukecuru, Concessa Ngenzi, ufite imyaka 62, na we yatemeshejwe n'umuhoro mu gitero cyayobowe na Konseye Jean Bizimungu, Gérard Kayonza (Umwarimu w'Ishuri Ribanza), Odette Kabagwira Resiponsabule wa Serire, Uwamariya. Bakoze ubwo bwicanyi baririmbaga interuro igira iti: 'Ishyaka ryacu mu bicu, Habyarimana, komeza utuyobore! " Umubare munini w'Abatutsi bishwe, cyane cyane muri Segiteri ya Rwankuba aho umukecuru Mukacyoya, ufite imyaka 82, yakubitiwe icumu.
Abanyamakuru ba Kinyamateka basuye Komini ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1991 basohoye inkuru izamura amarangamutima, yanditswe na Ladislas Niyongira.
Dore igice cyayo kigira kiti: 'Ibyumweru bibiri birashize, imidugararo yadutse mu baturage ba Komini Murambi. Burugumesitiri Gatete abyitirira ishyaka rya MDR, nk'uko abivuga, yiganjemo Abatutsi. Abaturage bo bemeza ko Gatete ari we nyirabayazana ku bufatanye n'inzego n'ubuyobozi za Segiteri na Serire. Abakomeretse baracyari mu bitaro. Umwuka si mwiza kuri Komini, nubwo abari ku butegetsi bashaka kubihisha bavuga ko amahoro yagaruwe.
Iyo tubajije Burugumesitiri ku bijyanye n'impamvu z'ibi bibazo, tubona ko yafashe mu mutwe ibyo radiyo itangaza. Yatubwiye ko Komini ya Murambi iri mu gace k'Ubuganza ituwe cyane n'Abatutsi, nubwo bataruta Abahutu. Kuri ibyo hiyongereyeho intambara ya FPR yateguwe muri Komini ya Murambi nko mu yandi Makomine arimo Ngarama, Muvumba, n'ahandi. Ku bwa Gatete rero, hari ibyitso byinshi. Bamwe boherejwe i Byumba baricwa, ariko hari abarekuwe bagakomeza kurakara. Burugumesitiri yemera ko umwiryane hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi wagaruwe n'intambara.'
Ubwicanyi bwakorewe i Rwankuba muri Komini ya Murambi bwamenyekanye cyane, biturutse ku Miryango Mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nyuma y'amakuru bagejejweho n'Imiryango Nyarwanda iharanira uburenganzira, cyane cyane nka Kanyarwanda n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abakorerabushake b'Amahoro. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yagize ikimwaro kuko yagombaga kwisobanura kuri za Ambasade z'amahanga zikorera i Kigali. Ni yo mpamvu Leta yashyizeho, icyiswe Komisiyo ishinzwe iperereza ku bwicanyi bwakorewe i Rwankuba.
Komisiyo yari igizwe n'Abayobozi Bakuru bane bavuye muri Minisiteri y'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu:
Eterne Kubwimana, Umuyobozi w'Ibikorwa bya Politiki, Perezida wa Komisiyo;
André Banyurwabake, Ukuriye Ishami rishinzwe Ubugenzuzi n'Inkunga;
Vénérand Musabyimana, Umuyobozi w'Ishami rishinzwe Amakuru n'Inyandiko;
Apollinaire Mukamakuza, Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza.
Komisiyo yari ifite Ishingano zo 'Kumenya ibitera imvururu zabereye muri Segiteri Rwankuba, Komini Murambi, Perefegitura ya Byumba, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 7 rishyira iya 8 Ugushyingo 1991'. Komisiyo yagiye i Murambi ivugana n'Abayobozi batandukanye. Yagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Kiziguro aho impunzi zirenga 200 zari zimaze gutuzwa na Konseye wa Rwankuba ahabereye ubwo bwicanyi. Komisiyo yatanze raporo yayo ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1991.
Reka duhere kuri Superefe wa Ngarama watangaje ko ubwo bwicanyi bwatewe n'Abatutsi. Komisiyo ibitangaza muri aya magambo: 'Abayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Ngarama baboneyeho umwanya wo kutwumvisha ko imvururu zabereye muri Komini ya Murambi ari imwe mu ntego z'Inyenzi-Inkotanyi muri iyi ntambara batangije. Bazanye gahunda yo guca ibice mu baturage bacu. Bishe abantu basenya ibikorwa remezo kugira ngo batsinde intambara.'
Burugumesitiri Gatete na we yabajijwe na Komisiyo, itangaza ibyo yavuze muri aya mu magambo akurikira:
'Ikibazo cyo kutumvikana hagati y'amoko yiganje hano, cyabayeho kuva kera, muri Komini ya Murambi, kubera ko cyagaragaye cyane kuva mu 1988. Kuva uyu mwaka, Abatutsi batangiye kwitandukanya, bashinga amatsinda mato birata ko bamaze gutsinda, ko Kigeli azagaruka, ko Rwigema azababohora. […] Abasore benshi b'Abatutsi bafashe pasiporo bitwaje ko bagiye gusura bene wabo, mu gihe bagiye mu myitozo ya gisirikare i Mbarara (Uganda). Igihe intambara yo mu Kwakira 1990 yatangiraga, abakekwagaho kuba ibyitso bose bafashwe n'abaturage bashyikirizwa ubuyobozi.'
'Barafunzwe ndetse 16 bapfira muri gereza. Abafunzwe barekuwe nyuma y'amasezerano ya N'Sele yabereye muri Zaire ku wa 29 Werurwe 1991, bagarutse bafite intego yo gukuraho Gatete, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Murambi. Gatete yaburiwe n'Umuhutu wafunganywe na bo na we aza kurekurwa. Umugambi wo kumurasa cyangwa kumuroga warabananiye, batangira kumusebya mu binyamakuru no mu bitabo. Ibi byakozwe n'abantu bake baba muri Komini n'abandi baba i Kigali, ariko bakomoka i Murambi.'
Komisiyo imaze kumva amagambo ya Gatete, yemeje ko ibisobanuro bye by'inyongera bikubiyemo ibinyoma byerekana uruhare rwa Burugumesitiri Gatete na bagenzi mu bwicanyi. Dore ko igice kibisobanura:
'Intandaro y'imvururu muri Segiteri ya Rwankuba ni inama ya MDR yabereye muri Komini ku wa 27 Ukwakira 1991, iyobowe na Evergiste Rwambonera ari hamwe na Viateur Mutanguha, ukuriye ishami rya farumasi muri Minisanté na Bizimungu, Umugenzuzi w'Urubyiruko n'Amakoperative muri Komini ya Murambi. Abatutsi benshi bitabiriye iyi nama baririmba bati:"Turatsinze, turatsinze, tuzabategeka ubuziraherezo!". Nyuma y'iyi nama, Abatutsi ntibakirara mu ngo. Bashyizeho amatsinda mato barara kwa Ndahindurwa. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa kabiri tariki ya 5 Ugushyingo 1991, bagabye igitero kwa Konseye wa Rwankuba, utashatse gusohoka.'
'Mu ijoro ryakurikiyeho, bagabye igitero ku rugo rwa Konseye Munyangondo, urwa Gatabo, Kalisa na Rubayiza [usibye Konseye, abandi ni Abatutsi]. Muri Segiteri hose, ijoro ryose ntiryatuje. Bukeye bwaho, abantu bahunze bahungira muri Komini ya Giti, Muhazi na Gikoro ndetse no kuri paruwasi ya Kiziguro. Bamwe ndetse bahungiye i Kigali mbere y'imvururu (Rutaremara, Byusa Gérard, Buhigiro na Gashoki, muramu wa Viateur Mutanguha).'
Gatete avuga ko impamvu zose zateye ubwo bwicanyi ari Abatutsi, avuga ko batangije ingendo zo kurwanya Abahutu. Yashakaga gukuraho Interahamwe ibyaha zakoze no kwerekana neza ko Abahutu birwanaho.
Nyuma y'Ikiganiro na Gatete, Komisiyo yabajije Padiri Mbyariyehe wo muri Paruwasi ya Kiziguro. Amagambo uyu Mupadiri yavuze yari afite ibitekerezo bibogamye Ati: 'Ibibazo ntibyatunguye Abatutsi kuko mbere yo guhungira muri Paruwasi, bohereje intumwa kugira ngo bamenyeshe ko baje. Ibyo bavuga ko basahuwe, ni bike, ibindi bari bibihishe mbere y'uko bahunga.
Twabajije kandi Padiri Mbyariyehe ukunze kuvugana n'impunzi ku byo bifuza. Atubwira ko bifuza ko Perefe ari we ubwe wabasubiza iwabo mu rugo, nyuma yo kwirukana Konseye Bizimungu, ku mwanya we, ndetse n'amazu yabo agasanwa. Yatubwiye kandi ko Abatutsi batakigirira icyizere Abayobozi ba Komini ndetse ko ari abirasi cyane.'
Raporo ikomeza igaragaza ibyifuzo bivugwa ko byatanzwe n'impunzi zari zuzuye muri Paruwasi ya Kiziguro:
'Batubwiye ko ibyo gusahura amazu yabo no kubica byatangijwe na Konseye, ariko ntabwo bashoboye kuduha ibimenyetso simusiga. Batumenyesheje ko icyabateye guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Kiziguro aho guhungira mu nzego za Leta ari uko abagiye gutabaza Abayobozi bahise bafungirwa kuri Komini. […] Bashakaga ko Perefe na Superefe babasubiza mu mitungo yabo. Aba bayobozi bagomba kubanza kwirukana Konseye wa Rwankuba. Barashaka ko ababakoreye ibikorwa by'ihohoterwa bafatwa bagafungwa by'agateganyo mu gihe bagitegereje kuburanishwa. Barashaka kandi ko amazu yabo asanwa mbere yo kuyasubiramo kandi bagahabwa ubufasha. Hanyuma, barashaka ko abayobozi barushaho kwita umutekano wabo mu gihe bazaba basubiye iwabo kugira ngo batazongera gutotezwa.
Abagize Komisiyo bakomeje bavuga ibyatangajwe na Konseye wa Segiteri Rwankuba Jean Bizimungu:
'Yatwemereye ko umwuka w'amakimbirane hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi batuye muri kariya gace wari uhari cyane na mbere y'ubwicanyi. Abatutsi bamuhimbiye ibyaha, kubera ko, mu ntambara yo mu Kwakira 1990, yavumbuye Ibyitso by'Inyenzi-Inkotanyi byiganjemo Abatutsi. Yatubwiye kandi ko ari we washotowe bwa mbere n'Abatutsi. Mu by'ukuri bari kumutera mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 1991 ndetse bari kongera gusubukura ibitero mu ijoro ryakurikiyeho. Mu bamuteye harimo Byusa, Rutaremara, Gasana, Kagarama, Kabera, Nyemazi, Kirenga, Subika, Gisagara, Rutayisire, Mugabo, n'abandi. Amaherezo, yatubwiye ko Abahutu bateye Abatutsi mu rwego rwo kwirwanaho kuko Abatutsi bari bateye Konseye wabo. Yongeyeho ko Abatutsi baraye bacura umugambi mubisha, bitera umujinya Abahutu birwanyeho birinda kugubwa gitumo.'
Aya magambo yavuzwe na Konseye Bizimungu yari yuzuye ubwibone, gusebanya, inzangano n'ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Bagaragaza ko adafata Abatutsi nk'Abenegihugu bagenzi be, ndetse ko ari abaturage be bafite uburenganzira nk'ubw'Abahutu. Yabeshye ko inkomoko y'ibibazo ari urwango bari bafitiye Abahutu avuga ko ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi bwakozwe n'Abahutu birwanaho; iki ni ikinyoma cyeruye. Bene iki kinyoma, gishyira icyaha ku Batutsi kuba intandaro y'akarengane kabo, cyahimbwe mu myaka ya za 1990 kugira ngo ubwicanyi bugire impamvu.
Abayobozi bavuganye na Komisiyo barimo :
- Superefe wa Ngarama, Gabriel Uwanyilijuru;
- Umuyobozi wa Komine Murambi, Jean-Baptiste Gatete;
- Konseye wa Rwankuba, Jean Bizimungu;
- Padiri Pierre Nolasque Mbyariyehe, ukomoka muri Paruwasi ya Kiziguro;
- Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri paruwasi ya Kiziguro.
Ni iki twakura muri iyi raporo ya Guverinoma?
Muri raporo, hari ibintu byinshi bitwikiriye ukuri ku ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi, babyita amakimbirane, mu gihe ari itoteza. Raporo kandi yemeza amagambo y'ibinyoma n'inzangano byakorerwaga Abatutsi bikozwe n'abayobozi, barimo Superefe wa Ngarama ndetse na Burugumesitiri Gatete, wabaye nyirabayazana w'ubwo bwicanyi, ndetse Konseye wa Segiteri ya Rwankuba, we yakoranye cyane na Gatete. Ibisobanuro byose byatanzwe n'Abayobozi bavuga ko icyaha cyakozwe n'Abatutsi kandi abagize Komisiyo basa n'ababyemeye.
Ikindi kintu gitangaje mu myanzuro ya Komisiyo ni uko abayigize batinyuka kwandika ko badashyigikiye icyifuzo cy'impunzi z'Abatutsi birukanwe mu mitungo yabo cyo gusaba ko Konseye Bizimungu yirukanwa, kandi byaragaragaye ko yagize uruhare mukubatoteza. Komisiyo yanze iki cyifuzo, itangaza ko abaturage nta kibazo bafite kuri uyu Konseye: 'Icyifuzo cyo kwirukana Konseye Bizimungu nta shingiro gifite kuko ngo ari Abatutsi bake bamunengaga mu gihe abandi baturage benshi bamwubaha kandi babona ari umunyakuri, usibye abashaka guhorera bagenzi babo batawe muri yombi kubera ubufatanye bwabo n'Inyenzi - Inkotanyi. Iyirukanwa rye ryaba ari akarengane kandi rishobora guteza ingaruka mbi nk'izari muri Komini Kibilira umwaka ushize ubwo Abahutu bashakaga guhorera murumuna wabo wirukanwe ku mirimo ye mu buryo bw'akarengane'.
Nguko uko ubutegetsi bwashishikariye kudahana abanyabyaha ahubwo bukabahemba kuguma ku myanya yabo, bagakomeza imirimo yabo yanduye. Raporo ya Komisiyo yoherejwe kuri Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komini nyuma yohererezwa Perezida wa Repubulika. Nyuma yaje koherezwa mu mahanga muri za Ambasade z'u Rwanda kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri dipolomasi hagamijwe gutesha agaciro ibyabereye i Murambi.
Ibaruwa ya MINAFFET yo ku wa 9 Ukuboza 1991 yanditswe na Siméon Insonere, wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru muri iyi Minisiteri, yerekana ko yari afite ubushake bwo guhakana buriya bwicanyi. Iyo baruwa yari igenewe Ambasade z'u Rwanda mu mahanga. Muri iyi baruwa, Insonere yemeza ko raporo ya Minisiteri y'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu n'Amajyambere ya Komine ivuga ku "bwicanyi bwakekwaga" i Murambi yakozwe neza kandi ko ari cyo gisubizo cya Guverinoma.
Binyuze mu mvugo "ubwicanyi buvugwa", twumva neza ko Komisiyo itari ishinzwe gutangaza ukuri ahubwo ko yashyizeho ibinyoma byagenewe Umuryango Mpuzamahanga hagamijwe kwerekana ko hakozwe iperereza rigasanga Murambi hari amahoro aganje, kandi atari ko bimeze.
Siméon Insonere kuri ubu aba mu Bufaransa. Ni umwe mu batangabuhamya b'Umucamanza Bruguière wakwirakwije ibinyoma ku bayobozi bakuru b'u Rwanda, barimo Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame. Insonere kandi ni umwe mu banyamuryango ba FDU-Inkingi.
