Aha hari abahita batekereza kuri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda nka rumwe mu nzego rutegura abajya ku isoko ry'umurimo, abashyira mu bikorwa ihangwa ry'udushya bakoresheje ubumenyi n'ubumenyingiro mu kubaka bwa bukungu igihugu cyifuza.
Kugira ngo Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ibashe kugera kuri ibyo, bisaba kugira ubuyobozi bufite icyerekezo, ibikorwaremezo bikenewe ku barimu n'abanyeshuri kimwe n'amavugurura ya ngombwa hagendewe ku murongo utangwa na Minisiteri ifite uburezi mu nshingano.
Nibyo Prof Dr Lyambabaje Alexandre umaze amezi ane ahawe inshingano zo kuba Umuyobozi w'iyi kaminuza ashyize imbere.
Ni umugabo ufite imyaka 60 y'amavuko akagira uburambe mu burezi no muri politiki yabwo by'umwihariko mu Karere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Hashize imyaka 36 atangiye kwigisha muri kaminuza, kuri ubu ni umwarimu w'imibare.
Yabaye Minisitiri w'Ubucuruzi, Inganda, Ubukerarugendo n'Amakoperative muri Guverinoma y'u Rwanda kuva mu 2000 kugeza mu 2003 nyuma yo kuva muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi aho yari Umunyamabanga.
Prof Dr Lyambabaje Alexandre yigishije mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhinzi mu Bufaransa mu myaka igera kuri ine akaba yaranayoboye Ikigo cya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba gishinzwe guhuza imikoranire ya za kaminuza zigera ku 130 zo mu bihugu bitandatu bigize aka karere.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE, yavuze uko yasanze kaminuza y'u Rwanda iteye, amavugurura ateganyijwe hagamijwe ireme ry'uburezi ryifuzwa, uruhare rw'ubushakashatsi bukorwa muri kaminuza mu gukemura ibibazo by'igihugu n'ibindi.
IGIHE: Watunyurira mu mateka y'ubuzima bwawe mu ncamake?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje:Nize amashuri abanza i Nyanza, niho iwacu. N'ubu niho ntuye, i Nyanza mu Rukali. Ubu i Kigali ni ku icumbi ry'akazi. Icyiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri yisumbuye nakize muri GS Officiel i Butare mu 1973, mpavuye njya kwiga icyiciro cya kabiri mu ishuri ry'ubumenyi rya Byimana. Ngeze mu mwaka wa gatatu nabaye umuyobozi w'abandi. Mu Byimana nari kapiteni w'ikipe ya Volleyball; ahenshi nagiye ngira uruhare mu gufasha bagenzi banjye.
Nageze muri kaminuza mu 1979 ntangira mu ishuri rya 'Mathematics, Physics and Engineering'. Turangije icyiciro cya mbere bafashe bake babohereza kwiga muri Canada kugira ngo bazasimbure abarimu b'Abanyac-Canada bigishaga muri Kaminuza, icyo gihe nibo bari benshi n'Abarusiya n'Ababiligi.
Ushobora kuba urambye mu burezi!
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Navuga ko nk'uko mwabivuze, ndi umwarimu, nigisha imibare, nkaba naratangiye kwigisha muri Kaminuza muri 1985, hashize imyaka hafi 36, ubwo nibwo nari ndangije icyiciro Masters mu Mibare na Statistique muri Canada nyuma nza gukomereza mu Bufaransa gukorera Doctorat. Nayirangije mu 1992 nkomeza akazi ko kwigisha.
Muri iyi minsi ndimo guhuza ibikorwa bya Kaminuza nk'Umuyobozi Mukuru ariko mbere yaho nari maze imyaka itanu ndi muri Uganda aho nayoboraga ikigo cya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba gishinzwe guhuza imikoranire ya za kaminuza. Twari dufite kaminuza 130 zirimo iza Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, u Rwanda, u Burundi na Sudani y'Epfo.
Izo kaminuza twazifashaga gukorana no kunoza porogaramu z'amasomo kugira ngo abanyeshuri bashobore kuba bakoroherezwa kwiga aho bashatse impamyabumenyi bahakuye ikemerwa.
Mbere yaho nigeze kuba mu nzego za politiki nka Minisitiri w'Ubucuruzi, Inganda, Ubukerarugendo n'Amakoperative kuva mu 2000 kugeza mu 2003; mbere yaho gato nabaye Umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi mu 1999 kugeza mu 2000.
Mbere yaho nigishije mu ishuri rikuru rishinzwe ubuhinzi mu Bufaransa (École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes), kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1997.
Ubu mfite imyaka 60 y'amavuko, icyo nababwira ni uko ibyo byose ari Imana yabikoze, nkurikije ko navukiye mu muryango w'abantu basanzwe. Iwacu nta sambu nini dufite [twari dufite isambu ya metero 50 kuri 50], nta cyagaragazaga ko umuntu yagera mu myanya nk'iyi.
Ariko nubwo twavuga ngo Imana niyo iba yarabigennye, ntekereza ko n'umuntu abigiramo uruhare kugira ngo n'iby'Imana bikunde, bisaba kuba ufite ababyeyi bakuba hafi mukaganira bakakwigisha gukora.
Umaze amezi make uyobora Kaminuza y'u Rwanda; wayisanze ute?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ni ikigo nzi kuva kera mpereye ku yahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda, ku buryo umuntu yavuga ko ayizi. Uko nayisanze ni uko ifite ibintu byinshi yagezeho kandi byiza. Muri bike navuga ni nk'amashuri yihariye yigisha ku rwego rwo hejuru abanyeshuri bavuye mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo izo twita Centers of Excellence. Hari izashyizweho n'igihugu cyacu ku bufatanye na Banki y'Isi, abanyeshuri bamwe batangiye kurangiza za Phd na Masters hano mu Rwanda, hari izagiyeho ku bufatanye n'u Budage.
Ikindi ni uko abantu bari bazwi ko ibarizwa ahantu hamwe i Huye, ubu yagabye amashami mu gihugu cyose, Nyagatare, Rukara, Rwamagana, Kigali, Huye, Rusizi na Busogo. Biha amahirwe abaturage batuye ahongaho kuba bakwiga ariko bigira n'uruhare mu kuzamura ubumenyi n'impinduka nziza ku bukungu.
Ni ibiki wasanze bikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje:Kimwe rero mu byo turi gushyiramo imbaraga ni ibijyanye n'ibyo abantu bakunda kuganiraho bijyanye n'ireme ry'uburezi. Ireme ry'uburezi rero risaba ibintu byinshi bitandukanye; icya mbere ni uruhare rw'umunyeshuri uje agana kaminuza kwiga, kuko bisaba ko abanyeshuri baza bateguye neza ariko noneho bakaba bafite n'ubushake bwo kuvoma ubumenyi n'ubumenyingiro bishoboka byose kugira ngo bazarangize koko bashobora gukora akazi bateguriwe gukora.
Abarimu Kaminuza ikeneye ni abameze bate? Ese irababona?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Muri Kaminuza tuba dukeneye abarimu bize amashuri menshi, cyane cyane iyo tugeze mu byiciro byo hejuru dukenera abafite za Phd. Ubwo rero ibintu bibiri biba bikenewe ni uko mwarimu agomba kuba afite ubumenyi, akunda gukora ibyo yigisha ariko na we akaba abona ibituma atarangara cyangwa adahugira mu bindi.
Ibyo byari bisanzwe biriho, leta y'u Rwanda ibagenera imishahara ariko hari bimwe na bimwe tukireba uko byanoga kugira ngo gukunda umurimo w'ubwarimu, kugira umuhate wo kuwukora bye kubangamirwa n'imibereho ya mwarimu itari ku kigero yifuza cyangwa yakagombye kuba ariho.
Kuvugurura amasomo agahuzwa n'igihe tugezemo bigeze ku ruhe rwego?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje:Akenshi usanga abantu tuganira bajya batubwira bati 'ariko ko amasomo agisa n'ayabayeho mu myaka 20 ishize azavugururwa ryari kugira ngo ahuzwe n'igihe tugezemo'?
Nk'ubu kuba wakwigisha umwana akarangiza amashuri yisumbuye atazi gukoresha mudasobwa, uyu munsi ntabwo bishoboka. Twebwe twiga byarashobokaga cyane ku babaga bataragize amahirwe yo kujya mu bihugu byateye imbere bikaba ari ibyo. Tugomba gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umunyeshuri waje agana Kaminuza y'u Rwanda arangize azi gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bunoze.
Ikindi ubu turi mu Isi, ibintu byinshi binyura mu biganiro, ubumenyi iyo ubufite biba ari ngombwa ko ushobora kubusangiza abandi kandi ubikora mu mvugo no mu nyandiko, icyo rero ni ikintu na cyo twifuza gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo ibyo wakwiga byose urangize ufite ubushobozi bwo kubwira abandi mu ndimi wumva, cyaba Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza cyangwa Igifaransa.
Ni ngombwa ko ubushobozi cyangwa ubumenyingiro bwo kuvuga indimi z'amahanga twongeramo imbaraga, abanyeshuri ntibumve ko kubera ko yiga imibare cyangwa ibijyanye n'ubwubatsi, ubuganga n'ibindi adakwiye kwiga indimi.
Guhuza amasomo yigishwa n'ibikenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo hari icyo muteganya kubikoraho?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Iyo wigisha ntabwo ureba ibiriho uyu munsi, wigisha utegura umuntu uzajya ku isoko ry'umurimo mu myaka ine, itanu cyangwa 10 iri imbere. Hakenewe porogaramu zinoze zireba imbere kugira ngo uzasoza amasomo azabe kurangiza inshingano bamushinga haba muri leta, abikorera ku giti cyabo cyangwa we ubwe mu byo akora.
Ubu rero gahunda z'amasomo turateganya kuzivugurura dukoranye n'abikorera, inzego za leta n'abandi bagira uruhare mu gukoresha abarangije kaminuza cyangwa abakorana na bo. Ntabwo kaminuza yigisha abantu ngo bazajye gusaba umurimo, ibigisha kugira ngo bazakore ibyo bakwiye, bakagombye kuba bakora, baba bikorera cyangwa bakorera abandi.
Ikindi navuga ni ikijyanye na Laboratwari zo gukora imirimo itandukanye ijyanye n'inyigisho, imfashanyigisho, ibitabo n'ibindi.
Kaminuza y'u Rwanda itanga uwuhe musanzu mu gukemura ibibazo by'igihugu binyuze mu bushakashatsi?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Ubu ikirimo gukorwa muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ni ukugenda tuva mu kuba kaminuza yigisha tukaba kaminuza igendera ku bushakashatsi. Iyo urebye gahunda y'igihugu y'Iterambere iratubwira iti 'murebe ukuntu siyansi igira imbaraga.'
Ubushakashatsi burakorwa, ubu amafaranga yabwo agera kuri miliyoni 200 z'amadolari mu bukorwa hamwe na kaminuza zo hanze. Abarimu n'abashakashatsi ba kaminuza babigiramo uruhare bagakorana n'abandi, mu buhinzi, ubwubatsi, ubutabire n'ubugenge, mu buvuzi; hari inyandiko zigenda zisohoka ariko ntibihagije kuko hari intera dushaka kugeraho yo kuvuga ngo tugiye gukora ubushakashatsi bwatangijwe n'abashakashatsi bacu bagendereye gukemura ibibazo by'igihugu nyirizina.
Uyu mwaka w'amashuri mwakiriye abanyeshuri bangahe?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Ubu tumaze kwakira 9900 ariko hari n'abandi barenga 300 duteganya kwakira mu minsi iri imbere b'abarimu.
Aba banyeshuri mubakiriye mu gihe Covid-19 igihari; ni ikihe cyizere ko amasomo azakomeza nta nkomyi?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Icya mbere twakoze ni uko aho buri kigo cya kaminuza kiri, abayobozi bahashinzwe bari babonye amabwiriza y'uko bagomba kwitegura, bakorana na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima kugira ngo ibyangombwa byose birimo aho gukarabira intoki, kwambara agapfukamunwa, guhana intera n'ibindi byose byubahirizwe.
Ubu ngubu aho ibigo byacu byose biri, umubare w'abanyeshuri baba bahari cyane cyane mu mashuri, twagabanyije umubare wabo kuri 30%, ku buryo dufite n'ikibazo cyo kubona ibyumba by'amashuri nabaha nk'urugero nk'i Huye kubera abanyeshuri bazajyayo kwiga ibijyanye n'ubucuruzi, twashatse ahandi dukodesha.
Ikindi ni uko mu kwigisha turacyakoresha ikoranabuhanga nk'uko twabikoze umwaka ushize, hari ukuba abanyeshuri bose bari mu ishuri hamwe ariko na bwa buryo bwo gukoresha mudasobwa abanyeshuri batari mu ishuri kugira ngo tugabanye bwa bucucike bw'aho abantu baba bicaye bari kumwe.
Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu myigire byatangiye ryari muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Tugiye mu mateka, Kaminuza y'u Rwanda n'Ikigo cya KIST batangije icyitwaga African Virtual University mu 1999. Ni ikoranabuhanga mu kwigisha ku buryo ushobora kwigisha abantu bari kure ariko mukaba murebana nk'aho muri kumwe.
Kuva icyo gihe kugeza Covid-19 yaza nta mbaraga zigeze zishyirwamo. Abantu babonaga bidakenewe kubera ko byashobokaga ko abantu biga mu buryo busanzwe banibaza niba ireme ry'uburezi rishoboka abanyeshuri biga batari kumwe na mwarimu.
Icyo Covid-19 yakoze rero ni uko nta guhitamo yahaye amashuri yaba aya kaminuza n'ayisumbuye, nibwo buryo bwonyine bwari busigaye ngo abantu bakomeze akazi bige. N'inama nibaza ko hari nyinshi abantu batazajya bafata indege ngo bagende, bazajya bavugana bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga bagahura ari uko ari ngombwa.
Mu myaka iri imbere ibizamini bizajya bitangwa umuntu ari imbere y'imashini ikamubaza, ikamukosora bikarangira amanota akaboneka.
Ese ibifasha abanyeshuri kwiga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga birahari?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Iyo tuvuze gukoresha ikoranabuhanga hari inzego nyinshi zibigiramo uruhare. Nk'ubu abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa kabiri nta mudasobwa babonye n'abo mu wa mbere ntazo barabona nk'icyo ni ikibazo kuko mudasobwa ni igikoresho cya ngombwa nk'uko twagiraga ikayi n'ikaramu.
Ikindi kiba gikenewe ni internet yihuta. Turimo kugikoraho kugira ngo twongere internet ihendutse bityo kubona imfashanyigisho bibe byakoroha. Ikindi abarimu bari mu myaka yo hejuru, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bisaba ko hashyirwa imbaraga mu kubahugura kuko hari icyiciro umuntu ageramo gutangira ibintu bishya bikamuremerera ho gatoya.
Imikino ikwiye guhabwa uwuhe mwanya muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda?
Prof. Dr Alexandre Lyambabaje: Hari aho byageze usanga imikino ari ikintu kiri ku ruhande kitajyanye no kwiga cyangwa kwigisha ariko njyewe ntabwo ari ko mbibona harimo kubaka umubiri, kuruhura ubwonko, kubaka kumenya gukorana n'abandi, kubana n'abandi. Ni ibintu rero mbona bya ngombwa.
Ubu icyo turi gukora mu cyumweru gishize inama nagiranye n'Ikigo gikorera muri Indianapolis cyitwa Center for Global Sports kugira ngo dutegure gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya siporo muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.
