Ku wa Gatatu tariki 10 Werurwe 2021, ni bwo Inteko Rusange y’Abadepite yateranye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, igezwaho raporo y’isuzuma ryakozwe na Komisiyo y’Ubutaka, Ubuhinzi, Ubworozi n’Ibidukikije ku Itegeko ryo ku wa 10 Nzeri 2008, rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta mu 2009.
Mu itangwa ry’iyo raporo, Umuyobozi w’iyo Komisiyo, Nyirahirwa Veneranda, yagaragarije Inteko ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iryo tegeko ryakunze kugaragaramo inenge n’ibyuho binyuranye, bityo bisaba ko hategurwa undi mushinga w’itegeko hagamijwe kubivanaho.
Mu kiganiro cyihariye na IGIHE, Depite Nyirahirwa yavuze ko mu byuho byagaragaye harimo kuba abafata basabwa amafaranga angana kandi amasezerano yabo adahwanye, iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza y’imari shingiro, ndetse habaho n’amananiza mu kwishyura abahuye n’impanuka kubera ibigo byiyemezaga ibyo bidashoboye.
Abafata ubwishingizi ntibazongera kwishyura angana
Ubusanzwe Ikigo cy’Ubwishingizi cyagenaga amafaranga buri mukiliya wacyo agomba kwishyura mu gihe runaka, hatitawe ku zindi mpamvu zihariye. Ibyo byagiye byinubirwa mu bihe bitandukanye, bamwe bakavuga ko babona ayo basabwa ari “umurengera”.
Depite Nyirahirwa yatangaje ko mu mushinga w’itegeko rivuguruye icyo cyatekerejweho, rikagena ko umuntu ufata ubwishingizi azajya yishyura amafaranga hagendewe ku masezerano bwite yagiranye n’umwishingizi.
Yatanze urugero ati “Nk’ufite imodoka ikora ubwikorezi n’ufite iyo agendamo ku giti cye, urumva ko imwe iba mu muhanda igihe kirekire ku buryo gukora impanuka bishoboka kenshi. Hari n’uba afite nk’ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 3 Frw, undi akaba aba afite iya miliyoni 40 Frw. Urumva ko kubishyuza angana bidakwiye.”
Yavuze ko abafata ubwishingizi bagiye kuzajya basabwa igiciro runaka hagendewe ku gaciro k’icyo bari gusabira ubwishingizi, uko bifuza kuzishyurwa, ibyago bihari byo gukora impanuka, n’izabaye kuri icyo kintu mu bihe byashize.
Kugira ngo byumvikane neza, nk’urugero ushaka ubwishingizi bw’imodoka ishaje akwiye kwishyura menshi kuko hari ibyago byinshi byo gukora impanuka. Ufite ihenze nawe azishyura aruta ay’ufite iya make, kuko niyangirika agaciro k’ibyakwishyurwa kazaba ari kenshi. Ihora mu muhanda nayo uyitwara ashobora kunanirwa cyangwa kubera ihura n’ibindi binyabiziga kenshi bikoraha gukora impanuka. Ubwo ntabwo nyirayo azongera kwishyura angana n’ay’uyigendamo rimwe na rimwe.
Abo bigaragara ko bakoze impanuka kenshi n’ubundi hazaba hari ibyago byinshi byo kuzikora, bityo bazasabwa menshi kurusha abitwararika.
Depite Nyirahirwa yakomeje ati “Indishyi umuntu yifuza kuzahabwa nazo zizajya zirebwaho. Nk’usaba ko wenda umukozi uzakorera impanuka mu bwubatsi bwe umuryango we wazahabwa miliyoni 1 Frw, ntabwo akwiye kwishyura angana n’ay’uwasabye ko wazishyurwa miliyoni 2 Frw.”
Igisubizo ku batatse kwishyuzwa “umurengera”
Mu minsi ishize humvikanye amajwi ya bamwe mu bamotari b’i Kigali bavugaga ko bishyuzwa ubwishingizi bw’umurengera.
Uyu mudepite yabamaze impungenge avuga ko ibyavuzwe haruguru nibigerwaho nta muntu uzongera kwishyuzwa ayo adakwiye kwishyura.
Ibyo bivuze ko uzasabwa menshi ariyo azaba akwiye kubera impamvu zumvikana, bitandukanye n’uko bajyaga babwirwa ko bazishyura ingano iyi n’iyi batanasobanuriwe impamvu yongerewe.
Mu kugena igiciro batanga hazanibandwa ku bwoko bw’ubwishingizi umuntu asaba. Niba ari ubw’igihe kirekire cyangwa ari ubw’igito.
Ak’ibigo by’ubwishingizi bishyiraho amananiza mu kwishyura abakiliya kashobotse…
Depite Nyirahirwa yavuze ko amavugurura yakozwe muri iryo tegeko agiye gukemura ikibazo cy’ibigo by’ubwishingizi bishyiraho amananiza mu kwishyura abakiliya babyo mu gihe bikenewe, bitewe n’uko byashyiragaho igiciro cyo hasi kugira ngo biganwe na benshi nyuma bikabura ubushobozi bwo kubishyura.
Ati “Kuba ibigo by’ubwishingizi bitaragenaga ibiciro mu buryo bukwiye ni cyo cyatumaga kwishyura bigorana […] Hariho n’uburyo bw’imikorere navuga ko butari bunoze, bwo gushaka kunaniza umuntu ufata ubwishingizi.”
“Muri iri tegeko rero, mu bijyanye no gufata neza umukiliya, uburyo bw’imikorere, ibijyanye no kwemererwa gukora nk’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi, hari byinshi bizaba byagenzuwe bakareba ko abayobozi b’ikigo n’abanyamigabane ari inyangamugayo, kandi bafite ubushobozi buhagije bwatuma bongera imari shingiro igihe yaba yagabanyutse basabwa kongeramo indi.”
Yavuze ko haba ubwo ikigo cy’ubwishingizi gihuye n’igihombo cyaturutse ku kuba cyarasabye abakiliya ubwishingizi buke ntigikore n’inyigo mu gihe runaka, maze imari shingiro kitagomba kujya munsi igenwa n’umugenzuzi mukuru ntiyubahirizwe.
Amabwiriza rusange yo ku wa 27 Ukuboza 2018, ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) yerekeye ibisabwa mu kwemerera abishingizi gukora; mu ngingo yayo ya munani harimo ko uwifuza gukora ubwishingizi bw’igihe gito agomba kuba afite nibura imari shingiro yishyuwe itari munsi ya 3.000.000.000 Frw.
Ni mu gihe uwifuza gukora umurimo w’ubwishingizi bw’igihe kirekire agomba kuba afite nibura imari shingiro yishyuwe ya 2.000.000.000 Frw.
Ingingo ya cumi ivuga ko umuntu wifuza gukora umurimo w’ubwishingizi bw’abishingizi agomba kuba afite nibura imari shingiro yishyuwe itari munsi ya 5.000.000.000 Frw, igomba kuba ihari buri gihe.
Mu gukemura icyo kibazo, Nyirahirwa yavuze ko itegeko rivuguruye rigena ko BNR izashyiraho impuguke mu mibare y’ubwishingizi yafasha ikigo kumenya niba ubwoko bw’ubwishingizi kigiye gutanga cyangwa icyiciro cyabwo kigiye kujyamo kicyemerera gukora cyunguka mu gihe runaka.
Ubwishingizi buzagera ku bakire n’aboroheje
Umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y’Ubutaka, Ubuhinzi, Ubworozi n’Ibidukikije mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yabwiye IGIHE ko mu byari bigenderewe havugurwa iryo tegeko harimo no kwagura umurimo w’ubwishingizi ku buryo buri wese abwibonamo, hashyirwaho ibikorwa by’ubuciriritse.
Ati “Mu Rwanda abo dufite bitabira ubwishingizi ubu ni 17%. Ni ukuvuga ngo biracyagaragara nk’iby’abafite amikoro ahambaye, ntabwo byigeze bisobanukira Abanyarwanda ko n’abafite amikoro make bagira amahirwe yo kwishingira imitungo yabo iciriritse.”
“Muri uyu mushinga uri kwemezwa n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ubu, harimo ubwishingizi buciritse, bureba abantu bakora imirimo yinjiza ibitari byinshi.”
Mu bindi yasobanuye harimo ko zimwe mu mpamvu zatumye uwo mushinga uvugururwa byatewe n’ingingo zawo zari zisa ku bwishingizi bw’igihe kirekire n’ubw’igihe gito, bityo hakaba hakenewe ko zitandukanywa.
Yavuze ko hari hanakenewe kujyanisha iryo tegeko n’imikorere mpuzamahanga inoze, rigashyirwa ku murongo w’amahame mpuzamahanga y’ingenzi mu rwego rw’ubwishingizi.
Yagaragarije Inteko ko hakenewe kwita ku mpinduka zateganyijwe n’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba zigamije gusanisha amategeko agenga urwego rw’umurimo w’ubwishingizi.
Yagaragaje kandi ko mu byatumye itegeko rivugururwa harimo kurihuza hashyirwamo ingingo zigenga amasezerano y’ubwishingizi zitagaragara mu Itegeko-teka ryo ku wa 20 Kamena 1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire ryemejwe n’itegeko wa 26 Mutarama 1982 ryemeza amategeko-teka rikurikizwa muri iki gihe.
Umushinga w’itegeko rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi watangiye gusuzumwa muri Nzeri 2019 ufite ingingo 214 zikubiye mu mitwe 7; nyuma yo gusuzumwa na Komisiyo, ukaba ugizwe n’ingingo 191 zikubiye mu mitwe 10.
