Byavugiwe mu kiganiro n'itangazamakuru giteguza inama izwi nka 'Nuclear Energy Innovation Summit For Africa: NESIA 2025' izabera i Kigali, izahuza inzobere zo mu bihugu 30 higwa ku kubyaza ingufu za nucléaire umusaruro.
Hashize imyaka hafi irindwi u Rwanda rutangiye urugendo rwo kubyaza ingufu za nucléaire umusaruro, hagamijwe iterambere.
Mu 2018 ni bwo u Rwanda rwatangiye imikoranire n'u Burusiya igamije gushyira mu Rwanda Ikigo gikora Ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry'izi ngufu bizanageza ku ruganda rwazo rwitezweho kugira uruhare mu kongera amashanyarazi.
Muri Kanama 2024 u Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubufatanye n'Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gikora ibijyanye n'izi ngufu cya 'Nano Nuclear Energy Inc', hagamije gukorwa ikoranabuhanga rishya rizajya ryifashishwa mu kubyaza Ingufu za Nucléaire amashanyarazi.
Hari hashize umwaka umwe na none Guverinoma y'u Rwanda isinyanye amasezerano na Dual Fluid Energy Inc yanditswe mu Budage no muri Canada, kugira ngo ikore igerageza ku ikoranabuhanga ryaganisha ku kuba mu Rwanda hatangira gutunganyirizwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire.
Byose biganisha ku kubaka inganda nto zitunganya izi ngufu zizwi nka 'Small Modular' na 'Micro Reactors' zidakenera ubuso bunini, zigatanga umusaruro utubutse ndetse zitagira ingaruka ku baturage. Rumwe rukenera nk'abakozi bari hagati ya 220 na 250, bakora mu byiciro bine.
Mu 2024 byavuzwe ko hari abanyeshuri bo mu Rwanda n'abakozi ba RAEB bafite ubumenyi mu bijyanye n'izo ngufu barenga 200, bari bagiye koherezwa mu mahanga mu guhaha ubumenyi muri urwo rwego.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RAEB, Dr. Fidel Ndahayo ati 'Ubu byibuze dufite icyerekezo, aho tuvuga duti 'dukeneye uruganda rwaduha amashanyarazi angana gutya, dushobora kurushyira aha n'ibindi.'
Yavuze ko mu mbanzirizamushinga bakoze hari amasite menshi yatoranyijwe nk'aho urwo ruganda rwashyirwa, ariko bikaba bikeneye ubundi busesenguzi bwisumbuyeho, bureba ubutaka uko bumeze, ibijyanye n'imitingito, n'ibindi bigaragaza ko aho hantu hujuje ibisabwa.
Yavuze ko ikoranabuhanga riri gushingirwago ari iry'inganda nto ariko zitanga amashanyarazi menshi, aho rumwe rwajya nko kuri hegitari ziri hagati ya 15 na 50 hitaruye abaturage.
Ati 'Nubwo u Rwanda rwaturwa cyane ntabwo twabura ahantu hangana na hegitari 50 twakubakaho urwo ruganda.'
Mu kiganiro gito yagiranye na IGIHE, Dr Ndahayo yakomeje ati 'Dufite intego y'uko mu 2030 uruganda rwatangira gutanga amashanyarazi. Abakozi 234 bazaba bakenewe tuzaba twanabagize mu 2028.'
Yavuze ko bijyanye n'uburyo ibigo byinshi biri kwibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rishya rijyanye no kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za nucléaire, u Rwanda rwafatiranye hakiri kare kugira ngo mu gihe ubwo buryo bwagezwa ku isoko ruzabe rufite abantu barwo babusobanukiwe ndetse runafatanye mu kubugurisha ahandi.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko hari abahanga mu by'izi ngufu bamaze gusoza amasomo bari hagati ya 30 na 50, bakora muri RAEB, ndetse abandi 200 bari mu bice bitandukanye mu bihugu byateye imbere muri uru rwego. Bamwe bazasoza umwaka utaha, abandi uzakurikiyeho, gutyo.
Ati 'Turacyakomeza kohereza n'abandi kuko n'uyu mwaka tuzohereza abarenga 40. Twagiranye amasezerano ameze atyo n'ibindi bihugu nka Hongrie na ho dushaka kuboherezayo abanyeshuri mu mwaka utaha, turi gushaka kuyagirana n'u Bushinwa na Koreya y'Epfo. Turashaka uburyo bwihuse bwo kuba twabona umubare ukwiriye wo kuba twaba dufite abantu bashobora gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga rigatanga amashanyarazi nta kibazo biteje.'
Dr Ndahayo kandi yibukije ko bari gushyira imbaraga n'uburyo bwo gutangiza ayo masomo mu Rwanda. Nko muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda iyo gahunda yaremejwe ku buryo nta gihindutse mu mwaka utaha abanyeshuri batangira kwiga no mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Imyuga n'Ubumenyingiro.
Ku bijyanye n'aho uruganda ruzashyirwa, Dr Ndahayo yavuze ko hataramenyekana kuko inyigo zitararangira, ariko akemeza ko u Rwanda rutabura aho gushyira urwo ruganda.
Minisitiri w'Ibikorwaremezo, Dr Jimmy Gasore yavuze ko inganda nto (SMRs) bari guteza imbere, zifite umutekano wisumbuye urengeje inganda zisanzwe, yemeza ko ari zo zinajyanye n'ubushobozi bw'u Rwanda haba mu bushobozi bw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibindi.
Yagaragaje ko muri Afurika imiyoboro y'amashyanyarazi itaratera imbere cyane, ku buryo ibihugu byaho byakwakira inganda nini zitunganya amashanyarazi nini , ni ukuvuga izirengeje MW 1000.
Ati 'Inganda nto turi kwitaho zikora amashanyarazi angana na MW 100 cyangwa munsi. Ikindi ntizisaba ubutaka bunini kubera ko ziba ari nto ndetse zidashobora no guteza ibibazo kubera ko iyo zigize impanuka biba zizima aho kugira impanuka zishya. Kugira impanuka zishya ni byo biteza ibibazo kubuzima.'
Mu byo u Rwanda ruri gufatanyamo n'ibigo bizobereye ibijyanye n'ingufu za nucléaire, harimo no kugerageza icyo umuntu yagereranya n'umutima w'uruganda rutunganya ingufu izo ngufu kizwi nka 'nuclear reactor', kuko ari wo ukorerwamo ibintu byose bishoboka.
Kugira ngo amashanyarazi aturutse kuri nucléaire aboneke hifashishwa ubutare bwa Uranium. Barayifata bakayitunganya, intima (atome) zayo zikitandukanya ku buryo zitanga ubushyuhe (ibizwi nka fission nucléaire).
Iyo imaze gutanga ubushyuhe ni bwo bifashisha bagashyushya amazi akavamo umwuka, wa mwuka akaba ari wo bayobora mu mashini ugatanga amashanyarazi.
Aho hashyuhirizwa amazi ni yo 'nuclear reactor', ari na yo Dual Fluid Energy Inc igiye gukora igerageza ryayo mu Rwanda.
Ni uburyo bufasha cyane kuko budakenera amazi menshi nk'akenerwa mu gukora amashnyarazi akomoka ku ngomero z'amazi n'ibindi.
Ikindi ni uko garama imwe ya Uranium, ishobora gutanga MW 1 ku munsi, ingufu zingana n'izatangwa na toni eshatu z'amakara.
Ubaye utunganyije ikilo kimwe cya Uranium, wabona umuriro ungana na MW 1000, umuriro mwinshi kuko mu muri Gasnyantare 2025 u Rwanda rwari rugeze ku bushobozi bwo gutunganya amashyanyarazi anganana na MW 406,4.
Izindi nkuru bijyanye
Ivumburamatsiko ku mushinga w'Uruganda rw'Ingufu za Nucléaire mu Rwanda
Ibisubizo by'ibibazo wibaza ku masezerano aganisha u Rwanda ku mashanyarazi ya nucléaire
U Rwanda rwinjiye mu mikoranire iganisha ku kubyaza ingufu za nucléaire amashanyarazi
U Rwanda rwinjiye mu bufatanye bwo kubaka ikoranabuhanga rizafasha mu gutunganya Ingufu za Nucléaire
Amafoto: Habyarimana Raoul
