U Rwanda rwabaye igihugu cya 39 cyemeje aya masezerano yiswe ‘The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol’ ndetse mu kuyashyira mu bikorwa rwashyizeho ingamba zihamye z’imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho bikonjesha n’ibyongera ubuhehere mu nyubako zitandukanye.
Muri rusange ibi bikoresho birimo ubwoko bubiri aribwo firigo na AC [Air Conditioner]. Byombi byifashishwa mu ngo, mu nyubako z’ubucuruzi, ahacururizwa imbuto, utubari n’amahoteli ndetse n’ahandi henshi ku buryo usanga abanyarwanda babikenera ku kigero cyo hejuru.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, ibi bikoresho byifitemo ibinyabutabire bya hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) na chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), bihumanya ikirere kandi binafite undi mwihariko wo gukoresha umuriro mwinshi.
Amasezerano ya ‘The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol’ yasinywe hagamijwe kugabanya cyangwa kurandura burundu ikoreshwa ry’ibyo bikoresho bitwara umuriro mwinshi bikanangiza akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba.
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda byari bitaganyijwe ko muri Mutarama 2021, aribwo ibi bikoresho byagombaga kuba byamaze gucika aho nta byari kuba byemerewe kongera kwinjizwa mu gihugu abantu bakerekwa ibindi bishya byo gukoresha.
Abahanga bagaragaza ko kuri ubu firigo zikoresha gaz izwi nka ‘Gaz el 600 na AC zikoresha ‘Gaz el 32’ arizo zitangiza ikirere, zitwara umuriro muke ugereranyije n’izisanzwe. Ibindi byiza by’ibi byuma ni uko nk’iyo ucometse firigo, ntabwo ihinda kumwe izi zisanzwe bigenda.
Inararibonye mu gukora ibyuma bikonjesha akaba anafite ikigo cya Cold Air Ltd gitanga izo serivisi, Nsengiyumva Jean Paul, yavuze ko gukoresha ibi bikoresho bigezweho bifite inyungu ebyiri z’ingenzi ariko inyungu rusange ni uko zitangiza ikirere.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE, yagize ati “Zangiza ikirere, kandi urumva iyo ikirere cyangiritse natwe abaturage bitugiraho ingaruka, urumva izo ni inyungu rusange ariko hakaba n’inyungu z’uko umuriro abantu bakoreshaga ugabanyuka ku kigero cyo hejuru.”
Nsengiyumva asobanura ko nk’ahantu wakoreshaga garama 200 za gaz kuri za firigo cyangwa AC zisanzwe, kuri izi nshya wakoresha garama 80. Ibi bijyana no kuba niba gaz yagabanyutse n’ingano y’umuriro ukoreshwa uragabanuka.
Nko muri Cold Air Ltd barangura izi firigo na AC muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, i Burayi ndetse no mu Bushinwa. Nka AC zemewe kuri ubu ziri mu bwoko bwa El 134 ikora mu modoka, ndetse na El 410 ikora muri za AC zo mu nzu.
Amafaranga y’umurengera ahatikirira…
Inyigo ziheruka gukorwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije, REMA, zagaragaje ko mu Rwanda habarurwa firigo 97.512; muri zo 64.505 [ni ukuvuga hafi 70%], zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi kandi zikangiza ikirere.
REMA yagaragaje ko izo firigo zirenga ibihumbi 64 zishaje zikoresha amashanyarazi afite agaciro gasaga miliyari 4 Frw, hiyongeraho miliyari 2.4 Frw zitari ngombwa.
Nk’urugero rwa firigo nshya abantu bagirwa inama yo gukoresha, hari izizigama umuriro 30%, buri kwezi, bivuze ko niba wakoreshaga umuriro w’ibihumbi 20 Frw, ushobora kuzigama ibihumbi 6 Frw, ugasigara wishyura ibihumbi 14 Frw.
Hari izindi firigo zishobora kugabanya 50%, byitezwe ko mu minsi iri imbere hashobora kuzaba harabonetse izindi zizigama umuriro kugeza kuri 80%.
Ikijyanye n’ibiciro hari izigura kuva ku bihumbi 400 Frw kugeza kuri miliyoni 1 Frw. Nubwo ubona ikubye kabiri izari zisanzwe, bivuga ko mu myaka ibiri uwaguze izi zigezweho yaba yaramaze kugaruza ayo yarengejeho kuri izi zari zisanzwe [zaguraga make].
Bamwe mu bafite firigo zishaje baganiriye na IGIHE, bagaragaje ko izo bakoresha zibahombya cyane dore ko uretse kuba zitwara umuriro mwinshi baba bafite ubwoba ko zateza inkongi y’umuriro.
Uwitwa Uwimana Emilienne ufite Alimentation mu Mujyi wa Kigali yagize ati “Nka njye iyo mbaze amafaranga y’umuriro nkoresha, usanga firigo itwara arenga ½ kandi iyo urebye ibintu nkonjesha ni amata n’utundi tuntu duke.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Icyemezo cya Leta cyo kuba twakoresha firigo zihangira umuriro njye numva cyaba ari cyiza n’ubwo kugeza ubu tudafite aho kugurira izo firigo bari kudusaba gutunga.”
Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Umukozi muri REMA ushinzwe kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal, Uwera Martine yagize ati “Ikindi cy’inyungu kiri muri ibi bintu ni uko izi firigo zose zizigama umuriro zikoresha gaz karemano, izi gaz karemano ntizangiza akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba kandi ntabwo zitera ubushyuhe bukabije mu kirere.”
Uwera yavuze ko Leta y’u Rwanda ifite inyungu zo kurengera ayo mafaranga yagenderaga mu gukoresha umuriro mwinshi w’amashanyarazi agenda muri ibyo bikoresho ariko ikanagirwaho ingaruka zikomeye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Yakomeje agira ati “Aya masezerano avuguruye ya Kigali, agamije no kugabanya imyuka itera ubushyuhe bwinshi mu kirere, ni ibintu bigendana. Ibikoresho byacu bigomba kuba bikoresha gaz karemano zitangiza ikirere kandi zikanizigamira umuriro.”
REMA ivuga ko n’ubwo urugendo rukiri rurerure ndetse hagikenewe gushyirwamo ingufu nyinshi, u Rwanda rwagabanyije imyuka yangiza akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba ku gipimo cya 54% mu rwego rwo kuba igihugu kizubahiriza Amasezerano ya Montreal mu 2030.
Kugeza ubu nyuma y’aho kuva muri Mutarama 2021 ibyo bikoresho bibujijwe kongera kwinjizwa ku isoko ry’u Rwanda, REMA ikorana n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge, RSB mu kugenzura niba koko izo nshya zinjira mu gihugu zujuje ubuziranenge bukenewe.
