Rafael Mariano Gros ari mu Rwanda aho yitabiriye inama izwi nka 'Nuclear Energy Innovation Summit For Africa: NESIA 2025' imaze iminsi ibiri iri kubera i Kigali.
Iri guhuza inzobere zo mu bihugu 30 higwa ku kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za nucléaire cyane cyane mu kureba uko zabyazwa amashanyarazi, hifashishijwe inganda nto zizwi nka 'Small Modular' na 'Micro Reactors (SMR).
Itangazo Ibiro by'Umukuru w'Igihugu byanyujije kuri X rigira riti 'Baganiriye ku bushobozi bw'ingufu za nucléaire mu iterambere ry'ubukungu ndetse n'intambwe u Rwanda rwateye mu gukoresha inganda nto za 'Small Modular and Micro Reactors'.
SMR ni inganda nto zitanga amashanyarazi aturutse ku ngufu za nucléaire. Uruganda rumwe rushobora gutanga umuriro wa megawatt 100 gusubira hasi.
Ni inganda zishobora gushyirwa ahantu hato nko ku buso bwa hegitari ziri hagati ya 15 na 50, zigakorwaho n'abakozi bagera kuri 230, ndetse ziba zakwimurwa mu bice byitaruye imijyi.
Ni inganda zitangiza ibidukikije kuko nk'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Umuryango ushinzwe Ikoreshwa rya Nucléaire ku Isi, World Nuclear Association, bwagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry'izi ngufu rigabanya toni 29 z'umwuka uhumanya wa CO2 kuri Gigawatt mu isaha (GWh).
U Rwanda rufite gahunda ko bitarenze mu 2030 ruzaba rufite bene urwo ruganda rutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire ndetse biteganywa ko mu 2028 ruzaba rwabonye abakozi bose basabwa.
Amashanyarazi aturutse ku ngufu za nucléaire aboneka hifashishijwe ubutare bwa Uranium. Bafata Uranium bakayitunganya, intima (atome) zayo zikitandukanya ku buryo zitanga ubushyuhe (ibizwi nka fission nucléaire).
Ubwo bushyuhe ni bwo bifashisha bagashyushya amazi akavamo umwuka, wa mwuka akaba ari wo bayobora mu mashini ugatanga amashanyarazi. Aho hashyuhirizwa amazi ni yo 'nuclear reactor'. SMR zikenera amazi make ugereranyije n'akenerwa hakorwa amashanyarazi asanzwe.
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rufatanya n'abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye kugira ngo iryo koranabuhanga rigerweho. Nko mu 2023 rwasinyanye amasezerano na Dual Fluid Energy Inc yanditswe mu Budage no muri Canada, kugira ngo ikorere igerageza rya 'nuclear reactor' mu Rwanda.
Ibyo byajyanye no gufatanya n'ibindi bigo byo mu Burusiya no muri Amerika kugira ngo hibandwe ku gukora SMR.
Uranium itanga amashanyarazi menshi kandi ku ngano nto kuko garama imwe yayo ishobora gutanga MW 1 ku munsi, ni ukuvuga ngo ni ingufu zingana n'izatangwa na toni eshatu z'amakara.
Ubaye utunganyije ikilo kimwe cya Uranium, wabona umuriro ungana na MW 1000, ni umuriro mu Rwanda rutarageraho kuko inganda zitunganya amashyanyarazi mu Rwanda zigeze ku bushobozi bwa megawatt 406,4.
Icyakora Rafael Mariano Gros yagaragaje ko u Rwanda ari urugero rw'ibishoboka ku bijyanye no kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za nucléaire.
Yavuze ko kubyaza izi ngufu umusaruro hagamijwe amahoro ndetse hisunzwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ari ibintu bigezweho ku Isi.
Yongeyeho ko nta mpamvu n'imwe ifatika yatuma Afurika isigara inyuma mu bijyanye no kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za nucléaire, na cyane ko ari umugabane ufite umutungo kamere wafasha muri urwo rwego.
Ati 'Ikoranabuhanga riri kuduha ibisubizo, rikaduha andi mahitamo tutigeze tugira. Ubu ni yo mpamvu abantu benshi barishishikariye. Bashishikariye SMR. Iryo koranabuhanga rifite akamaro ko kuba izo nganda zakwimurwa, kuba zakwigonderwa n'ibindi. Ntako bisa kuba dufite aya mahitamo.'
Yavuze ko ibyo ibihugu bisabwa kugira ngo bigire izi nganda harimo kugira ibikorwaremezo, kubakira ubushobozi abazikoramo binyuze mu kubaha amahugurwa n'ibindi bifasha igihugu kugira 'nuclear reactor' mu buryo bwihuse kandi buboneye.
Yavuze kandi ko umutekano na wo ari ingenzi mu guteza imbere ibijyanye n'umutekano w'ibyo bikorwa.
Ati 'IAEA iri gukorana n'ibihugu bya Afurika, icyakora u Rwanda ni urugero rw'ibishoboka.'
Yavuze ko mu gukomeza gufasha Afurika kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za nucléaire, ibyo biganiro babigiranye n'ibihugu nka Niger, Nigeria, Maroc, Tunisia na ndetse na Misiri iri kubaka uruganda rwa mbere rutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire.
Yavuze ko ari ibiganiro bagiranye na Sudani, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Senegal, Kenya, Namibia na Afurika y'Epfo izanzwe ari na cyo gihugu rukumbi muri Afurika gifite bene urwo ruganda.
Ati 'Muri ibyo bihugu byose, IAEA yatangiye gutegura abantu bazakora muri yo gahunda ndetse iri gukorana n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibijyanye n'ingufu za nucléaire.'
Gros yavuze ko mu minsi mike ishize, bateye itambwe ikomeye basinyana amasezerano na Banki y'Isi azafasha ibihugu bitandukanye gushora imari mu bijyanye no guteza imbere ingufu za nucléaire.
Ati 'Mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye tuzaba duhari. Umumaro w'ibanze wa IAEA ni uguteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za nucléaire mu mahoro. Ku batarakorana na IAEA iki ni cyo gihe inzobere zacu zirahari. Ku bo twatangiye imikoranire twabizeza ko tuzababa hafi. Nta mpamvu Afurika itagira uruhare muri iyi gahunda iri guteza imbere ubukungu w'ibuhugu bitandukanye.'
Ubwo yafunguraga inama yiga ku guteza imbere ingufu za nucléaire yari iri kubera i Kigali, Minisitiri w'Intebe, Dr Edouard Ngirente, yavuze ko mu 2050 u Rwanda ruzaba rukeneye hafi gigawatt eshanu z'amashanyarazi. Yavuze ko ari yo mpamvu u Rwanda rwishingikirije ku ngufu za nucléaire.
Amafoto yaranze Inama ya Nuclear Energy Innovation Summit For Africa: NESIA 2025
