Uwo muryango umaze imyaka isaga 30 usubukuye ibikorwa nyuma yo kubihagarika mu 1970 kubera imitegekere ya Perezida Idi Amin wari ayoboye Uganda yari iwuhuriyemo na Kenya na Tanzaniya, hari ibyo wagezeho birimo guhuza za gasutamo nyuma yo kwiyungwaho n’u Rwanda, u Burundi na Sudani y’Epfo.
Umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya EAC y’uwo muryango (EALA), Gasinzigwa Oda, ubwo yari mu kiganiro “Imboni” cya Televiziyo y’u Rwanda yavuze ko hari intambwe nziza yatewe mu byiciro bimwe, ariko ko hari n’ibindi bigikenewemo ingufu.
Depite Gasinzigwa yavuze ko Itegeko nshinga rya EAC rikubiyemo ibigamije gushyigikira ubukungu birimo guhuza za gasutamo, gushyiraho isoko rusange, no gushyiraho ifaranga rimwe rikoreshwa mu bihugu binyamuryango.
Yakomeje ati “Aho tugeze usanga guhuza za gasutamo bigenda bigerwaho aho hahujwe amategeko agenga imisoro, ibiro [by’imisoro] 15 biri ku mipaka [y’ibihugu] birakora neza.”
Yasobanuye ko ari ibintu byoroheje gusangizanya amakuru no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa mu gihe bivanwa mu gihugu kimwe bijyanwa mu kindi.
Uretse guhuza za gasutamo byagezweho, uwo mudepite yavuze ko ibindi bizashyigikira ubukungu bw’uwo muryango bikiri mu nzira, aho bimwe biri mu ntangiriro.
Ati “Icyiciro turimo ni icy’isoko rusange kandi nacyo twifuza ko cyagenda neza. Ibijyanye n’amategeko y’ifaranga rimwe nabyo hari amategeko amaze gushyirwaho ariko turacyari muri urwo rugendo.”
Impirimbanyi iharanira Kwihesha Agaciro kwa Afurika (Panafricaniste) akaba n’umucuruzi, Shyaka Michael Nyarwaya, yavuze ko amateka y’imibereho ya EAC yagize uruhare mu kuba iterambere ryayo rigenda buhoro.
Ati “Ubundi iyo baba barawugezemo mu 1967 bose, imyaka 54 bari kuba bageze ku bintu bikomeye. Kubera ko bamaze imyaka 20 badakora (1970-1990), ubona ari ikintu cyo kubaka urugendo.”
Ni mu gihe umunyamategeko akaba n’Umusesenguzi mu bya Politiki, Me Gasominari Jean Baptiste, we asanga kuba intego za EAC zigenda buhoro biterwa n’impamvu zirimo kuba ibihugu byose bidafite imbaduko imwe, aho usanga “bidahuriza ku mugambi”.
Yagize ati “Hari ubwo usanga ibihugu bimwe bifite imyumvire itari yagera ku rwego rumwe n’urw’imyumvire y’ibindi. Hari bimwe usanga byarateye intambwe igaragara mu mitekerereze, ibindi ugasanga bikiri inyuma, bikaba byaremeye kwifatanya n’ibindi ariko mu by’ukuri bitari byiteguye.”
Aho uwo munyamategeko yatanze urugero rw’igitekerezo cyazanywe muri uwo muryango cy’uko hajya habaho urujya n’uruza hifashishijwe indangamuntu zo mu bihugu nta pasiporo, byashyigikiwe n’ibihugu bitatu gusa ari byo u Rwanda, Kenya na Uganda, “ibindi ntibirabyemera.”
Ati “Ariko twizera ko uko bazagenda babona ko birimo inyungu bazabyemera.”
Hari ibikeneye kunozwa muri EAC
Mu myaka mike ishize hagiye humvikana ibibazo by’umutekano muke ku baturage b’ibihugu bimwe bakorera mu bindi kandi byose ari ibinyamuryango bya EAC. Ibyo byateje umwijyane hagati y’ibyo bihugu byitanaga ba mwana bituma umubano wabyo uzamo agatotsi.
Depite Gasinzigwa yavuze ko inyungu z’umuryango zigomba gupimirwa ku baturage, bityo ko hagomba kubaho ubushake bwa politiki mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo ibihugu binyamuryango bisabwa, hitabwa ku nyungu zabo.
Nihitabwa ku nyungu z’umuturage bizatuma abakorera mu bindi bihugu badahutazwa, ibihugu bishyire hamwe maze iterambere ry’umuryango rigerweho.
Yakomeje ati “Ntabwo biba byumvikana mu gihe ubona inyungu z’abaturage, ukaba waragiye mu muryango ari wowe ubyifuje nta gahato ukemera gufatanya n’ibindi bihugu ndetse n’inyungu zikaba zigaragara. […]Ibyo waba ufite byose bigaruka ha handi kuri rya soko rimwe. Niba u Rwanda rufite miliyoni zirenga 12 z’abaturage, nta gihugu gishobora kuvuga ngo nta nyungu gifite mu gucuruzanya n’u Rwanda kuko ni isoko.”
Yavuze ko amahoro n’umutekano ku baturage ari byo bigomba kwimirizwa imbere muri EAC kugira ngo babashe kwisanga mu bihugu binyamuryango byose.
Depite Gasinzigwa kandi asanga hagikenewe intambwe mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyo ibihugu binyamuryango byiyemeje, kwegera abaturage no kongerera ingufu abikorera.
Izo mpuguke zagaragaje ko hakenewe imiyoborere myiza imbere mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango, kugira ngo byubake neza politiki y’ubufatanye mu bayobozi babyo bashobore gusenyera umugozi umwe, kuko imishinga y’uwo muryango idindizwa akenshi n’abayobozi b’ibihugu bamwe batayishyigikira.
Agerageje kubishyira mu rwego rw’amategeko, Me Gasominari yavuze ko ikintu cya mbere kiranga amasezerano ari ubushake bw’abayakorana, bityo ko hakenewe kwigisha abantu “ikibazo cy’imyumvire” kikabanza kuvaho.
Ati “Iyo bigitangira haba hari n’urwikekwe abantu bataramenya niba bazakorana n’abandi [neza] cyangwa niba basangiye icyerekezo.”
Uwo munyamategeko yavuze kandi ko hakenewe ubushake bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo amategeko y’uwo muryango ateganya, kuko iyo butagaragara bigorana ko intego zigerwaho.
Kugeza ubu EAC igizwe n’u Rwanda, u Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania na Sudani y’Epfo. RDC na Somalia nabyo byatanze icyifuzo cyo kwinjizwa mu muryango ariko ntibirasubizwa.
Uwo muryango ufite isoko ry’abasaga miliyoni 170, inzobere zisanga hari intambwe umaze kugeraho ugereranyije n’indi miryango ndetse n’igihe umaze ushinzwe. Mu gihe ibyo bihugu bizaba byemerewe kuba ibinyamuryango, isoko rizaguka rigere ku basaga miliyoni 300, abacuruzi begere inyanja zambukirizwaho ibicuruzwa ndetse n’umutungo kamere ubirimo ufashe ibindi biri mu muryango.
